The diagnosis of coronary artery disease relies on typical clinical symptoms combined with ancillary tests to detect evidence of myocardial ischemia or coronary obstruction and markers of myocardial injury to determine the presence of myocardial necrosis. The most commonly used tests to detect myocardial ischemia include conventional electrocardiogram and electrocardiographic stress test, and nuclear myocardial imaging. Invasive tests include coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound. However, a normal coronary angiogram does not completely negate coronary artery disease. Usually, non-invasive and convenient ancillary tests are performed first. Treatment Treatment of coronary artery disease includes: (1) lifestyle changes; (2) medication; and (3) revascularization treatment: including interventional treatment (intravascular balloon dilatation angioplasty and stenting) and surgical coronary artery bypass grafting. Drug therapy is the basis of all treatments. Interventional and surgical treatments are also followed by long-term adherence to standard drug therapy. Revascularization therapy may further reduce the mortality of patients. (1) Nitrate drugs The main drugs in this category are: nitroglycerin, isosorbide nitrate (cardiac pain relief), isosorbide 5-mononitrate, and long-acting nitroglycerin preparations (nitroglycerin ointment or rubber paste patch). Nitrates are the regular medication for patients with stable angina pectoris. (2) Anti-thrombotic drugs include anti-platelet and anticoagulant drugs. Anti-platelet drugs mainly include aspirin, clopidogrel (Bolivar), tirofiban, etc., which can inhibit platelet aggregation and avoid thrombosis and blockage of blood vessels. Aspirin is the drug of choice, and the maintenance amount is 75-100 mg per day. All patients with coronary artery disease without contraindications should take it for a long time. (3) Fibrinolytic drugs The main thrombolytic drugs are streptokinase, urokinase, tissue-type fibrinogen activator, etc. (4) β-blockers β-blockers have the effect of angina pectoris and can prevent arrhythmia. In the absence of obvious contraindications, β-blockers are the first-line drugs for coronary heart disease. (6) renin angiotensin system inhibitors, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists (ARB) and aldosterone antagonists, etc. (7) Lipid-regulating therapy Lipid-regulating therapy is suitable for all patients with coronary artery disease. Statins are mainly used to lower LDL cholesterol with a target of 80 mg/dl. Commonly used drugs include: lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, etc. Recent studies have shown that statins can reduce mortality and morbidity. (8) Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) applies a specially designed catheter with a balloon that is delivered to the coronary stenosis via a peripheral artery (femoral or radial). Inflation of the balloon dilates the stenotic lumen, improves blood flow, and prevents restenosis by placing a stent in the already dilated stenosis. It can also be combined with thrombus aspiration and rotational grinding. It is indicated for patients with stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction that are poorly controlled by medications.