Urinary tract stones are often associated with renal colic, hematuria and other symptoms, and in severe cases, infection and renal insufficiency. With the continuous development of science and technology, the treatment of urinary tract stones is constantly updated, the following is a brief introduction to the treatment and prevention of urinary tract stones. The cause of urinary tract stones is very complex, often due to a combination of factors, in addition to genetic factors, and the patient’s dietary habits have a certain relationship, such as long-term consumption of a large amount of protein diet to increase the calcium and uric acid in the urine, the formation of calcium stones. The high temperature of the weather makes the body evaporate too much water and the urine is highly concentrated, which can also promote the precipitation of stone salts. In addition, urinary tract obstruction, infection and foreign body are the causes of stone generation. Second, the treatment of stones 1, general treatment: drink a lot of water, at least 2 to 3 liters of water per day, to maintain adequate urine volume. In order to maintain the amount of urine at night, it is advisable to drink water again after urination at night. 2.Lithotripsy treatment: For patients with stone diameter less than 0.5cm, lithotripsy treatment can be tried, i.e. comprehensive treatment of antispasmodic + diuretic + herbal medicine + more water + proper exercise. 3.Lithotripsy treatment: Alkalinization of urine can increase the solubility of uric acid, when the urine PH value reaches 7, it can increase the solubility of uric acid by 36 times, potassium citrate is preferred. 4.Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is suitable for kidney stones and ureteral stones less than 2cm in diameter. 5.Ureteroscopy: For patients with lower ureteral stones, or those who fail in shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy can be used, which is to insert the ureteroscope into the ureter through the urethra and bladder, and crush the stones with laser or pneumatic ballast and expel them from the body. 6.Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: For kidney stones larger than 2cm and the failure of shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy can be used. The nephroscope is guided by a guide wire and punctured through the skin to the kidney, and the stone is crushed by laser or pneumatic ballast under direct vision and discharged from the body. Third, the prevention of stones The recurrence rate of urinary stones is high, and there are often residual stones left after stone crushing, which increases the recurrence rate of stones, therefore, it is of positive significance to prevent the recurrence of urinary stones. 1, drinking water and exercise: drinking more than 2 liters of water daily can effectively reduce the incidence of stones, but black tea and coffee should be avoided, and appropriate exercise after drinking water, such as rope skipping and gymnastics can prevent the occurrence of stones. 2.Prevention of calcium-containing stones: the formation of calcium-containing stones is related to hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria. While prevention, check to exclude hyperparathyroidism, idiopathic hypercalciuria and renal tubular acidosis and other diseases. Prevention of uric acid stones: In addition to reducing the intake of seafood in the diet, patients with uric acid stones should drink less alcohol and use uric acid production inhibitors, such as allopurinol, and alkalinizing urine preparations in moderation for better results. 4, the prevention of infection stones: for infected stones, in addition to removing the cause, the use of antibiotics, acidification of urine, the use of amine chloride, etc..