In adults, the portal vein is an important vessel formed by the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein converging behind the pancreas. Blood from abdominal organs such as the stomach, small intestine, spleen, pancreas and colorectum must pass through the portal vein before it can flow to the liver, where nutrients absorbed by the digestive tract can be synthesized into substances necessary for human survival, and where many toxins and wastes produced by the body can be metabolized and detoxified. The normal portal vein pressure is 13-24 cmH2O, with an average of 18 cmH2O. If the portal blood flow is obstructed and the blood is stagnant for various reasons, the pressure in the portal system will exceed the normal value and a series of symptoms will appear, such as splenomegaly and hypersplenism, esophagogastric varices and vomiting of blood, ascites, etc. This is the so-called portal hypertension. The etiology and classification of portal hypertension can be divided into prehepatic, intrahepatic and posthepatic types. Intrahepatic type is the most common in our patients, accounting for about 90%. Prehepatic type: The portal vein itself has problems, such as thrombosis, congenital malformation and external compression, which make the portal vein blood flow poor and the pressure will naturally rise. This type of patient has no liver problems, so the liver function is normal or only mildly damaged, and the treatment effect is best. Intrahepatic type: problems with the liver, such as cirrhosis of various causes (post-hepatitis, alcoholic, autoimmune, cholestatic), cause the blood in the portal vein to overcome a lot of resistance to flow into the liver, so the pressure in the portal vein becomes higher and higher. Post-hepatic type: such as Budd-Chiari syndrome or constrictive pericarditis, etc. There is also no problem with the liver, but there is a problem with the vascular system behind the liver, so the blood in the liver cannot drain out, which then affects the blood in the portal vein as well, making the pressure in the portal vein rise continuously. For example, the best treatment for all cases of intrahepatic type is liver transplantation, once the liver problem is solved, the portal vein will naturally flow smoothly and the portal pressure will come down. For patients without liver transplantation, the main goal is to control the progression of liver lesions by transplanting hepatitis virus and reducing the degree of liver fibrosis. The post-hepatic type should be considered in terms of how to open the blood outflow channels of the liver, if it is Buga syndrome, interventional methods or radical surgery for Buga syndrome can be considered, and some cases of constrictive pericarditis can also be solved surgically. The treatment of prehepatic type is less, and the lesion of portal vein itself is difficult to be cured by surgery, often only symptomatic treatment. (1) Internal treatment 1, general treatment and dietary therapy: when the condition of patients with portal hypertension is stable and there are no obvious other complications, comprehensive treatment can be based on the following principles to treat the cause or related factors (1) rest: patients with portal hypertension in the compensated period of liver function generally do not emphasize bed rest, and those with mild condition can participate in general work appropriately but should appropriately reduce labor time and labor intensity, pay attention to The combination of work and rest, in order not to feel fatigue is appropriate. (2) Diet: Since the entire gastrointestinal function of the patient is affected, a high-calorie, easy-to-digest soft food should be given to patients with chronic liver disease. For patients with chronic liver disease, a proper diet can supplement nutrition, improve liver metabolism, enhance body resistance, promote liver cell regeneration and repair, and prevent various complications. In principle, it is advisable to give foods with sufficient calories and rich in various vitamins, which contain not only high sugar, high protein (protein intake should be limited for those with hepatic encephalopathy), appropriate fat and vitamins, but also various inorganic salts and trace elements. Food is mainly soft food, should avoid the risk of bleeding caused by mechanical damage to the esophagogastric mucosa caused by hard and rough food, try to control spicy and irritating food, alcohol is strictly prohibited. (3) Treatment of ascites: the appearance of ascites is a manifestation of impaired liver function to a certain degree, the worse the liver function ascites is more difficult to eliminate, so the treatment of ascites focuses on correcting and restoring liver function. If the patient has more ascites, it is necessary to give supplemental albumin with diuretic drugs to increase the discharge of water, stubborn ascites can sometimes only abdominal puncture to release fluid to reduce the patient’s discomfort. 2.Drug therapy to reduce portal pressure There are three main types of drugs used to reduce portal pressure: (1) vasoconstrictor drugs: can directly or indirectly cause visceral vasoconstriction to reduce portal blood flow, so as to reduce portal pressure and reduce the role of collateral blood flow. Commonly used drugs include posterior pituitary hormone, terlipressin acetate, sestamibiin, santamibiin, tretinoin, aminocardium, etc. (2) vasodilator drugs: through relaxing blood vessels and dilating portal vessels to reduce portal pressure or through dilating peripheral blood vessels and reducing visceral arterial blood flow so as to reduce portal pressure. Commonly used drugs include prazosin, phenazopyridine, phentolamine, colistin, and nitroglycerin, cardiac pain, cardiac pain, isoptin, etc. (3) Others: For example, diuretics such as tachyphylaxis and spironolactone can reduce portal pressure by lowering blood volume and reducing cardiac output and visceral blood flow, and Chinese herbs such as Salvia, Angelica, Chuanxiong and Paeonia can improve hepatic microcirculation and dilate portal vein to reduce portal pressure.