I. What is portal hypertension? When the blood flow in the portal vein is obstructed and the blood is stagnant, it causes an increase in the pressure of the portal vein system. Clinical manifestations include splenomegaly and hypersplenism, esophagogastric fundus varices and vomiting of blood and ascites. The disease with these symptoms is called portal hypertension. What are the common causes of portal hypertension? In China, cirrhosis after hepatitis (hepatitis B, hepatitis C) is a common cause of portal hypertension. Alcoholic cirrhosis can also cause portal hypertension. C. What are the adverse consequences of increased portal vein pressure? Portal hypertension can cause: 1, esophagogastric fundus varices and rupture bleeding, once bleeding, there will be a great possibility of repeated bleeding, and each bleeding will certainly bring damage to the liver, the mortality rate is relatively high. 2, splenomegaly, hypersplenism, peripheral blood cell reduction, the most common is leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. 3.Causes intractable ascites. 4.Causes hepatic encephalopathy. 5.About 20% of patients with portal hypertension have concomitant portal hypertensive gastropathy, and it accounts for 5%-20% of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in portal hypertension. What is the chance of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension? About 40% of patients with cirrhosis will have varicose veins, and about 50%-60% of those with varicose veins will have gastrointestinal bleeding. The mortality rate of cirrhotic portal hypertension patients with first bleeding can be up to 30%-50%, and each bleeding will aggravate the damage of liver function in different degrees, and even cause liver failure. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the main cause of death in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. What should cirrhosis patients do when they suddenly vomit blood at home? When cirrhosis patients suddenly vomit blood at home, patients and their family members should do the following: 1, the patient should lie flat on the side, with the head tilted to one side, to prevent the blood from being inhaled into the respiratory tract and make the patient suffocated. 2, keep calm, don’t be afraid of the blood, and don’t be afraid of the blood. 2, keep calm, do not be afraid, part of the patient bleeding up to a certain amount, the intraventricular pressure is reduced, some patients bleeding stop by itself. Don’t drink and eat, one side will aggravate the bleeding. 4, call 120 immediately and send to the nearest hospital. What should cirrhosis patients pay attention to in diet? Abstaining from alcohol, avoiding spicy stimulation and hard and cold food, not eating too hot food to prevent bleeding. 2.Diet to high protein, high carbohydrate, high vitamin mainly, when liver function significantly reduced and have hepatic coma precursor, should be appropriate control of protein intake. 3.A person with ascites needs a low-salt diet. 4, small amount of meals. How to protect liver for cirrhosis patients? When cirrhosis develops to advanced stage, the condition is difficult to be reversed, and the symptomatic treatment of liver preservation in the late stage becomes very important, which can slow down the development of the condition and improve the prognosis, so it is recommended that the patients go to the regular hospital for liver preservation treatment.