Hypertension is an important cause and risk factor for many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, affecting the structure and function of important organs in the body such as the heart, brain and kidneys, eventually leading to the failure of these organs, and is still one of the main causes of death from cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension is divided into two types, based on the current level of medical development and means of examination, the exact cause of the increase in blood pressure can be found, called secondary hypertension; conversely, it is primary hypertension, which is more common in the hypertensive population. The risk factors of primary hypertension can be divided into two aspects: genetic and environmental, and it is generally believed that in proportion, genetic factors account for about 40% and environmental factors account for about 60%. Therefore, hypertension is also a lifestyle disease to some extent, and a large proportion of patients with essential hypertension are related to their unhealthy lifestyles. A, genetic World Health Organization survey found that if both parents suffer from hypertension, the probability of hypertension in their children is about 45%; one parent suffering from hypertension, the incidence of hypertension in children is 28%; if both parents do not suffer from hypertension, the probability of hypertension in children is only 3%. There are two types of genes: (1) If you have the main gene for hypertension, hypertension will definitely occur as you get older; (2) If you have the secondary gene for hypertension, you will not develop hypertension if you do not have other risk factors involved in triggering hypertension. Second, the wrong diet A small amount (2 ~ 3 g) of sodium per day is necessary for the body to maintain life, but if too much sodium intake (> 6 g) will have adverse reactions, the most important of which is hypertensive disease. The dietary characteristics of our residents are high sodium and low potassium, with the northern population as the most important, research shows that the daily sodium intake of the southern population is 8~10 g, while the northern population reaches 12~15 g, which greatly exceeds the WHO recommended daily intake standard of 5 g; while potassium can promote sodium excretion, the daily potassium intake of our population is 1.89 g, which is much lower than the WHO recommended 3.51 g. Strict control of sodium intake can effectively reduce blood pressure, the daily intake of sodium from 9 g to 6 g, can make the incidence of stroke decreased by 22%, the incidence of coronary heart disease decreased by 16%. Third, overweight, obese The appropriate proportion of body fat is necessary for human physiological activities, but excessive body fat will affect health. The risk of hypertension and diabetes in obese people is 3 times and 2.5 times that of normal weight people respectively. Fourth, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption Tobacco contains more than 2,000 harmful substances, which can cause sympathetic excitation, oxidative stress, damage to the intima, vasoconstriction, thickening of the blood vessel wall, atherosclerosis, not only to increase blood pressure, but also increase the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, sudden death, peripheral vascular disease. The prevalence of hypertension increases with the amount of alcohol consumed. Excessive alcohol consumption is responsible for 5-10% of hypertension. The mortality rate of stroke is 3 times higher in heavy drinkers than in infrequent drinkers. Fifth, long-term mental overstrain caused by increased psychological stress mainly depression, anxiety disorders. People in a state of tension, anger, panic, depression, anxiety, irritability, etc. blood pressure will rise, while the risk of cardiovascular disease also relatively increased. Sixth, insufficient exercise China’s urban residents (especially young and middle-aged) generally lack physical activity, and thus cardiovascular health is seriously affected. Physical inactivity is a risk factor for hypertension. Moderate activity can relieve sympathetic tension, increase vasodilator substances and reduce the risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.