Health Literacy for Chinese Citizens – Basic Knowledge and Skills

1. Health is not just the absence of disease or infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental and social adaptation. 2.Everyone has the responsibility to maintain their own health and the health of others, and a healthy lifestyle can maintain and promote their own health. 3. A healthy lifestyle mainly includes four aspects: reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and psychological balance. Zhang Mao, General Surgery Department, Baotou Central Hospital 4. Combine work and rest, and ensure 7-8 hours of sleep every day. 5.Smoking and passive smoking can lead to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and many other diseases. 6. The sooner you quit smoking, the better, and it is never too late to quit smoking. 7.Health food is not a substitute for medicine. 8.The environment is closely related to health, and protecting the environment promotes health. 9.Donate blood to help others and promote free blood donation. 10.Normal blood pressure for adults is less than 140 mmHg systolic and less than 90 mmHg diastolic; axillary body temperature 36℃~37℃; calm breathing 16~20 times/min; pulse rate 50~100 times/min. 11. Avoid unnecessary injections and infusions, injections must be done one person, one needle and one tube. 12.Workers engaged in toxic and harmful jobs have the right to occupational protection. 13.Vaccination is the most effective and economical measure to prevent some infectious diseases. 14.Tuberculosis is mainly spread by droplets from patients coughing, sneezing and talking loudly. 15.Coughing and coughing for more than 2 weeks, or blood in the sputum, should be checked promptly to see if you have tuberculosis. 16.Adhering to regular treatment, most of the patients with tuberculosis can be cured. 17.AIDS, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are transmitted through sexual contact, blood and mother-to-child contact, but not through daily life and work contact. 18.Mosquitoes, flies, rats, cockroaches, etc. can spread the disease. 19.Abnormal lumps, luminal bleeding and weight loss are important early warning signs of cancer. 20.A patient who suffers from respiratory or cardiac arrest can be resuscitated by artificial respiration and chest compressions. 21.Psychological health should be taken seriously and maintained, and help should be actively sought when psychological problems are encountered. 22.Everyone should care for, help and not discriminate against the sick and disabled. 23.Getting a flu vaccination before the flu season can reduce the chance of getting the flu or alleviate the symptoms of the flu. 24.Store toxic substances such as pesticides and medicines properly and prevent children from coming into contact with them. 25.In case of traumatic bleeding, especially heavy bleeding, bandages should be applied immediately to stop the bleeding; the injured person with fracture should not be moved easily. Healthy lifestyle and behavior 26. Wash hands regularly, bathe often, and do not share towels and toiletries. 27. Brush your teeth every day and rinse your mouth after meals. 28. Cover your mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, and do not spit. 29.Do not smoke in public places and respect the right of non-smokers to be free from passive smoking. 30. Drink less alcohol and do not abuse alcohol. 31. Do not abuse sedative-hypnotics, analgesics and other addictive drugs. 32.Refuse drugs. 33.Use hygienic toilets and manage the manure of animals. 34. Pay attention to drinking water hygiene and water safety. 35.Open windows frequently for ventilation. 36. Eat mainly cereals, more vegetables, fruits and potatoes, and pay attention to the meat and vegetables. 37.Consume milk, beans and their products regularly. 38. Eat light meals with less salt. 39. Maintain a normal weight and avoid overweight and obesity. 40. Seek medical treatment promptly after illness, cooperate with doctors and use medication according to medical advice. 41.Do not abuse antibiotics. 42.Cooked meals should be cooked; raw vegetables and fruits should be washed. 43.Separate raw and cooked foods for storage and processing. 44. Do not eat food that has deteriorated or exceeded its shelf life. 45.When a woman is pregnant, she should go to the hospital for physical examination in time, at least five times during pregnancy and hospital delivery. 46. Breastfeeding should be started as early as possible after the birth of a child, and complementary foods should be added reasonably at 6 months. 47.Children and adolescents should develop good eye habits to prevent the occurrence and development of myopia. 48.Workers should understand the hazards of their jobs, follow the operating procedures, pay attention to personal protection and develop good habits. 49.After birth, children should be vaccinated according to the planned immunization program. 50.The correct use of condoms can reduce the risk of contracting AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. 51.Report any sick or dead livestock, and do not process or eat sick or dead livestock. 52.Domestic dogs should be vaccinated against rabies: after a person is scratched or bitten by a dog or cat, the wound should be rinsed immediately, and the antiserum and rabies vaccine should be injected as soon as possible. 53.In schistosomiasis infected areas, contact with infected water should be avoided as much as possible; after contact with infected water, preventive medicine should be taken in time. 54.Consume iodized salt to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. 55.Do a health check-up once a year. 56. Wear seat belts (or helmets), do not exceed the speed limit, do not drink and drive can effectively reduce road traffic injuries. 57. Avoid children near dangerous waters and prevent drowning. 58. Store pesticides safely and use them according to the instructions. 59. Pay attention to ventilation for winter heating and prevent gas poisoning. Basic skills 60.Pull the 120 emergency number when you need emergency medical assistance. 61.Be able to read and understand the labels and instructions of food, medicine, cosmetics and health products. 62.Measure axillary body temperature. 63.Measure pulse rate. 64.Can identify common hazard signs, such as high voltage, flammable, explosive, highly toxic, radioactive, biosafety, etc., and stay away from hazards. 65.When rescuing an electrocution victim, do not directly touch the body of the electrocution victim, will first cut off the power. 66. In case of fire, they will isolate smoke, cover nose and mouth with a wet towel, and escape in a low position; they will call the fire alarm number 119.