Briefly, cholesteatoma otitis media is a common type of chronic suppurative otitis media. It is known that chronic suppurative otitis media can be divided into three types: simple osteochondritis type cholesteatoma type, of which cholesteatoma type has the most serious consequences. Cholesteatoma of the middle ear is an inflammatory lesion formed by the long-term accumulation of epithelium that has been shed from the internal structures of the middle ear and is not a real tumor. The tissue structure is cystic and the inner wall of the capsule is a compound squamous epithelium filled with shed epithelial keratinized material and cholesterol crystals. Once formed, cholesteatoma will grow larger and larger and continue to expand in all directions, causing serious complications such as perforation of the tympanic membrane, destruction of the auditory tuberosity, purulent labyrinthitis, deafness and facial nerve palsy, etc. In severe cases, it can cause purulent meningitis or even brain abscess, which can lead to life-threatening complications. Symptoms of cholesteatoma otitis media Ear pus: May be long-term pus flow early or intermittent but generally persistent pus often has a special foul odor . Hearing loss: It can be manifested as conductive deafness of different degrees, which is mainly caused by tympanic membrane perforation and damage to the auditory chain, which can lead to mixed deafness due to damage to the inner ear over time. Other: Depending on the extent and degree of damage to the surrounding structures, cholesteatoma can cause different complications such as tinnitus, vertigo, facial palsy, postauricular abscess and fistula, purulent meningitis and brain abscess, sigmoid sinus thrombosis, etc. Diagnosis of cholesteatoma otitis media History: The above history is an important basis for diagnosis. Otologic examination: This includes otoscopy and hearing function tests, which reveal marginal perforations in the relaxed or tense posterior superior portion of the tympanic membrane. Sometimes a grayish white scaly or pea-like substance can be seen in the tympanic membrane at the perforation and smells foul. Imaging: CT examination of the mastoid is necessary to determine the extent of the middle ear lesion and whether there is bone destruction. Treatment timing and treatment methods: Cholesteatoma otitis media should be treated surgically as soon as it is diagnosed to avoid complications. The purpose of surgical treatment: The most basic and important purpose is to remove the lesion as completely as possible to stop the flow of pus and restore the dry environment in the ear; if the doctor’s technical level and equipment allow, then higher requirements should be met to preserve or repair the hearing as much as possible. The choice of surgery: Highly qualified doctors will definitely try to choose modified mastoid radical surgery in order to completely remove the lesion and reconstruct the hearing.