1, preoperative examination (1) X-ray (optional): that is, chest frontal and lateral radiographs, which can help determine the site, size, scope and nature of the lesion. (2) Chest enhanced CT (mandatory): it can show the outline and internal structure of the lesion, the mediastinum, the lymph node enlargement in the hilum, etc. CT scan can show the hidden parts of the lung and is better than X-ray. (3) Sputum cytology examination (depending on the situation): cancer cells can be coughed out with sputum, and sputum is an effective method for early diagnosis of lung cancer, with a positive rate of more than 80%. The method is: repeatedly coughing lightly after gargling in the morning, and then coughing up sputum from the deep part of lung with force, and sending sputum volume of 1~2 sips each time for three consecutive days. It should be noted that the sputum must be coughed out from the trachea of the lungs, and saliva and nasal mucus cannot be mixed in for the test. (4) Bronchoscopy (mandatory): It has a high positive rate for the diagnosis of central lung cancer and can be used to directly observe local tissue changes locally, perform biopsy, and send pathological sections for tissue typing. To understand the situation in the trachea and bronchial lumen before surgery. (5) Blood tests (mandatory): routine blood, coagulation function, blood type, biochemistry, complete set of blood transfusion. (6) Pulmonary function (mandatory): check ventilation and air exchange function. It is of great value in the development of surgical modality and evaluation of postoperative pulmonary function recovery. (7) Electrocardiogram (mandatory): We can diagnose arrhythmia and morphological changes of the heart caused by various heart diseases by electrocardiogram. (8) MRI/CT of head and CT/ultrasound of abdomen (mandatory): to determine whether the cancer has metastasis to the head and abdominal organs. (9) Bone scan (mandatory): to understand whether there is tumor metastasis in the bones of the whole body, and to do MRI locally if necessary. 2. Pre-operative preparation (1) Breathing training: the patient takes a sitting or semi-recumbent position, relaxes the whole body, inhales deeply, and then exhales slowly. Do this 30-50 times continuously in the morning, afternoon and evening every day to increase lung ventilation. (2) Effective coughing: The patient takes a sitting or semi-recumbent position, relaxes the shoulders, leans forward, takes 2-3 deep breaths and then inhales as deeply as possible, holds the breath for 1 to 2 seconds, opens the mouth and throat at the same time, makes a maximum cough with the force of the chest and abdomen, and the sound of the cough vibrates out from the chest. It should be noted that effective coughing after surgery does not affect wound healing. To reduce the pain caused by pulling the wound when coughing, you can press the wound with your hand. (3) Quit smoking and alcohol: Among them, quit smoking for at least 15 days, the risk of surgery and complications will be reduced. (4) Psychological preparation: make self-adjustment, you can chat and relax with friends and relatives to minimize tension; there may be postoperative pain and discomfort in the incision; open-heart surgery will destroy the negative pressure in the thoracic cavity, postoperative lung reopening requires the patient’s efforts, coughing up sputum is a necessary means, and as patients we should establish the awareness of self-exercise for recovery. Be convinced that all lesions and discomfort will be completely cured and resolved through good cooperation with the physician! 3.What are the preparations in the day before surgery (1)Skin preparation: The nurse will shave the body hair in the operation area according to the operation mode to prevent the incision infection. (2) Diet: Eat easily digestible food according to the nurse’s arrangement, fast 12 hours before surgery, and abstain from water 4 hours before surgery. (3) Blood distribution: draw 4-6 ml of venous blood and send it to the blood bank for intraoperative blood supply. (4) Training bed urination and defecation: postoperatively, because of carrying a closed chest drain, the patient’s toileting is unchanged and he/she needs to defecate in bed. The change of defecation posture will affect the discharge of urine and stool, so the patient should have a potty or stool pot ready the day before surgery to contact bed defecation and adapt in advance. (5) Enema (optional application): The night before surgery, the nurse will inject an enema through the anus for laxative purposes and to prevent postoperative abdominal distention. (6) Before entering the operating room patients should take off all their own clothes and pants, change into clean patient clothes and remove glasses, dentures, hair clips, watches, jewelry, etc. and hand them over to family members for safekeeping, if the hand C cannot be removed it needs to be wrapped with bandages. (7) Sleep: Ensure good sleep to meet the surgery in a good mental state. If you find it difficult to fall asleep, you can take Valium tablets to help you sleep.