1.What is a complete transposition of the aorta usually referred to? What is the procedure like? What is the approximate cost of surgery? Complete transposition of the great arteries is a conical arterial trunk malformation in which the atrial and ventricular connections are consistent and the ventricular and great arterial connections are inconsistent. The aorta originates completely or mostly from the right ventricle, while the pulmonary artery emanates completely or mostly from the left ventricle. The prognosis for patients with complete transposition of the great arteries is extremely poor. The survival rate of untreated cases of complete transposition of the great arteries is closely related to the type of malformation. The survival rate is lowest in complete transposition with an intact ventricular septum. The main cause of death is hypoxia. Repeated episodes of pneumonia can result in a significant reduction in effective circulating blood flow and sudden hypoxia leading to acidosis and death, as well as death due to severe cyanosis causing erythrocytosis, increased blood viscosity, and especially dehydration leading to cerebrovascular accidents. Early survival is higher in cases with combined large ventricular septal defects. Those with particularly high pulmonary blood flow have a lower survival rate and tend to die of congestive heart failure. Complete transposition of the great arteries combined with a large ventricular septal defect produces a much higher incidence of severe pulmonary vascular disease than ventricular septal defect alone, probably due to hypoxia and abundant collateral circulation. Arterial reversal surgery is currently the most commonly used procedure for the treatment of complete transposition of the great arteries and has the most favorable outcome. The procedure involves transposing the two great arteries and restoring them to a normal relationship. Since children often need to be treated surgically at a very young age or even in the neonatal period, the clinical treatment is risky and the approximate cost of the procedure is around $80,000. 2. What is corrective transposition of the great arteries? What is the surgical procedure? What is the approximate cost of surgery? Before explaining the concept of corrective transposition, we need to understand complete transposition of the great arteries. In complete transposition, the atrium is connected to the ventricle but the ventricle is not connected to the aorta, and the unoxygenated blood flowing from the right atrium to the right ventricle does not enter the normal pulmonary artery but the transposed aorta, resulting in generalized cyanosis. In contrast, in children with corrected transposition of the great arteries, the atrioventricular connection is inconsistent on top of the inconsistent ventricular and great arterial connections, and the unoxygenated blood flowing through the right atrium to the left ventricle enters the transposed pulmonary artery; the oxygenated blood flowing through the left atrium to the right ventricle enters the transposed aorta, so that although both the atrioventricular connection and the ventricular great arterial connection are anatomically abnormal in these children, they are physiologically This is why they are clinically referred to as corrected transposition of the great arteries. The radical surgery for corrective transposition requires correction of both atrioventricular and ventricular aortic connections, hence the term double transposition. Since the surgery is more difficult and risky than complete transposition, the cost of the surgery is around 80,000-100,000 RMB. 3. What is the approximate cure rate of transposition of the great arteries? What is the approximate survival period of patients? With the overall improvement of cardiovascular surgery technology in recent years, the surgical cure rate of transposition of the great arteries has been greatly improved, and the quality of life of the patients is more satisfactory after surgery. The mortality rate of arterial reversal surgery alone for complete transposition of the great arteries is about 5-8%, and the mortality rate of double reversal surgery for corrected transposition of the great arteries is about 10-15%.