Heart valve insufficiency, especially atrioventricular valve insufficiency or concurrent stenosis, is often the result of involvement of multiple cardiac structures such as valve leaflets, tendons, papillary muscles, and annulus. Current treatments include valvuloplasty, prosthetic mechanical valve replacement, and biological valve replacement. With the development of cardiac surgery technology, valvuloplasty has become one of the main tools for the treatment of heart valve disease. Compared with prosthetic mechanical valve replacement, valvuloplasty does not require anticoagulation and avoids complications caused by anticoagulant drugs such as Warfarin; the good shaping effect facilitates the recovery of cardiac function. Although the anticoagulation time is shorter after bioprosthetic valve replacement, its short service life is the main obstacle limiting its wide application. Pediatric patients with cardiac valve insufficiency require secondary valve replacement in adulthood if valve replacement is performed, because the annulus is small and in the developmental stage. Valvuloplasty is particularly indicated in patients with ischemic valve disease, degenerative valve disease, rheumatic valve disease without severe calcification, women of childbearing age, and valve disease in which anticoagulants are contraindicated. Valvuloplasty requires a variety of repair methods for all different lesions, including separation of valve or tendon adhesions, partial leaflet resection and repair, tendon shortening or grafting, prosthetic annulus reduction, and correction of annular deformities, so it is also known as “comprehensive valvuloplasty. The purpose of valvuloplasty is not only to restore the anatomical shape of the valve or annulus, but more importantly to improve and restore the normal function of the valve and the heart. Ultrasound technology is very accurate and sensitive in examining heart valve function, and intraoperative transesophageal ultrasound technology provides technical support for the development of valvuloplasty surgery, so that valvuloplasty technology continues to improve. 1, mitral valvuloplasty The cuff-like valve structure of the mitral valve provides a good anatomical basis for mitral valvuloplasty, according to statistics, 69% of simple mitral valve insufficiency can be performed valvuloplasty. Mitral valve insufficiency mainly includes: congenital mitral valve insufficiency, rheumatic mitral valve insufficiency without severe calcified contracture of the leaflets, ischemic mitral valve insufficiency, and degenerative mitral valve insufficiency. The indications and contraindications for mitral valvuloplasty are: the lesion without calcification should be considered for valvuloplasty, mainly based on the lesion but not on the etiology, patient condition, and age. Preoperative examination or intraoperative exploration reveals obvious calcification and sclerosis of the valve, extensive subvalvular adhesions, shortening and fusion of the tendon cords, or damage to more than 1/4 of the valve leaflets should be considered as contraindications to valvuloplasty; at the same time, combined with aortic lesions, cases requiring aortic valve replacement, the treatment of mitral valve should be cautious; patients with severe impairment of left ventricular function, difficult to tolerate a longer period of ischemia, should promptly perform valve replacement surgery. 2, tricuspid valvuloplasty The tricuspid valve is the atrioventricular valve of the right heart low-pressure system, which has a good tolerance for closure insufficiency. Tricuspid valve insufficiency mainly includes: tricuspid valve closure secondary to mitral valve lesion and aortic lesion, tricuspid valve downshift malformation (Ebstein malformation), congenital tricuspid stenosis or closure insufficiency, and tricuspid valve closure insufficiency secondary to congenital heart disease. For simple annular enlargement with little regurgitant flow, DeVega method annular sutureplasty can be used. For those with highly enlarged tricuspid annulus, high tricuspid regurgitation, or severe pulmonary hypertension, Carpentier ring or Duran prosthetic annuloplasty is recommended for good long-term results and stable valve function. Tricuspid valve subluxation malformation (Ebstein malformation) is a complex congenital heart disease. Professor Wu Qingyu of our hospital adopts the original anatomical correction method of tricuspid valve inferior displacement malformation (Ebstein malformation) to treat all kinds of severe tricuspid valve inferior displacement malformation, without a single case of valve replacement, with remarkable results. 3, aortic valvuloplasty Acquired aortic valve lesions are also most common in rheumatic, often coexisting with mitral valve lesions; followed by age-related degenerative changes and infective endocarditis, etc. Aortic valve insufficiency can be caused by enlargement of the annulus, leaflet thickening, deformation, and restriction of motion. Acute traumatic insufficiency has a higher chance of being formed, while rheumatic aortic insufficiency should be decided on a lesion-by-lesion basis. The main methods of aortic valvuloplasty include aortic annulus narrowing, leaflet prolapse partial excision and suturing, junctional dissection, and fibrous block resection at the valve edge. 4, pulmonary valvuloplasty complex precordial disease combined with pulmonary valve stenosis outflow tract transannular patch, can be used with leaflets with the same kind of vascular piece, or the preparation of pericardial valve piece pulmonary valvuloplasty, conducive to the recovery of cardiac function; combined with pulmonary valve junctional adhesions, can be performed junctional incision; and pulmonary valve annulus enlargement caused by incomplete closure, can be performed annuloplasty. Our hospital uses the above methods to treat patients with complex precordial disease combined with pulmonary valve insufficiency in many cases, with remarkable results.