1. Symptoms of esophageal cancer? A: Progressive dysphagia. (1) Budding stage of esophageal cancer: Difficulty in swallowing food and drink, often with eructation, belching, chest and diaphragm plumpness and discomfort, and the condition tends to aggravate continuously. (2) Early stage of esophageal cancer: Difficulty in swallowing, obstruction and rubbing pain (or no pain) when swallowing food, frequent eructation and belching, burning pain in chest, diaphragm and back, sputum with blood in it, hoarse voice and weight loss. (3) Middle and late stage of esophageal cancer: difficulty in swallowing, difficulty in drinking water in severe cases, hoarseness, coughing and spitting sputum with blood or pus, increased pain in chest, diaphragm and back, and weight loss day by day, which can be seen as chronic esophagitis in depth, serious esophageal erosion or ulceration. Bai Xuepeng, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital 2: What kind of examination should be done to detect esophageal cancer? A: (1) X-ray barium meal examination: (2) fiberoptic esophagogastroscopy: (3) esophageal mucosal exfoliative cytology: (4) esophageal CT scanning: (5) other examination methods: PET-CT 3. How to treat esophageal cancer? A. Surgery . There are 3 kinds of common surgeries: 1. Radical resection surgery is suitable for early stage cases, which can completely remove the tumor and reconstruct the esophagus with stomach, colon or jejunum. 2. 2. Palliative resection surgery Mostly for middle and late stage cases, although the tumor can be removed, it is not easy to cut completely. 3. Palliative surgery: In cases where the tumor cannot be removed in the advanced stage, in order to alleviate the patient’s difficulty in swallowing, esophageal lumen intubation, gastrostomy, esophagogastric diversion or esophago-colonic diversion anastomosis can be used. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy is one of the comprehensive treatment measures and is often used in preoperative or postoperative adjuvant therapy. What are the dietary contraindications for esophageal cancer patients? Answer: (1) Prohibit spicy and stimulating food, such as chili, raw onion, ginger and garlic. (2) Prohibit rough, too hard and too hot food. (3) Prohibit moldy, rotten and spoiled food, and eat less smoked and salted food. (4) Prohibit smoking and alcohol. 5. How to prevent esophageal cancer? A: 1. Promptly treat precancerous lesions, such as cardia spasm, esophageal hiatal hernia and severe atypical hyperplasia of mucosal epithelium of esophageal cardia. 2. 2. Prompt examination and treatment of early symptoms. 3. Carry out census work to find early cases in time to improve the cure rate. 4. Improve dietary habits, improve water source, soil quality, etc., keep “cancer from mouth”, eat less or not eat food containing too much nitrite, such as sauerkraut, kimchi, pickled fish, cured meat, bacon, etc. Don’t smoke, drink less strong alcohol. Do not smoke, drink less strong alcohol, eat less or not eat too rough, hard or too hot food; eat more food with anti-cancer and anti-cancer effects, such as fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins and trace elements. Residents in areas with high incidence of esophageal cancer should pay attention to the heredity of susceptibility to esophageal cancer. If their children are still living in the same living environment as their fathers, they should adjust their life style appropriately, especially their dietary habits. 5. Maintain good mood and do not sulk. 6. Six-flavored dihuang pill has inhibitory effect on heavy proliferation of epithelium of esophageal cancer, if pre-cancerous lesions are found, this product can prevent further deterioration; garlic and kiwifruit can block the synthesis of nitroso compounds, and dongling grass and rock saprophyllum can reduce the incidence of esophageal cancer induced by nitrosamine. 7. Strengthen physical exercise (such as practicing qigong and taijiquan). 6. Why does esophageal cancer cause chest pain? A: Cancer cells infiltrate or invade blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, soft tissues, internal organs or bone tissues and press or stimulate them, thus causing pain. Some chemical analgesic substances produced during the growth of tumor cells cause pain. Early stage often causes pain behind the sternum when swallowing food, high grade esophageal cancer can occur in the neck, and lower grade esophageal cancer can occur in the subxiphoid or epigastric region. In advanced stage, patients often have heavy feeling and dull pain in forehead, back and shoulder blade.7. What should be noted after esophageal cancer surgery: A: Establish confidence . Reasonable diet. Reasonable dietary principles are: 1. High protein, protein-rich food. 2. 2. high calories. 3. high vitamins. 4. 3. high vitamins. 4. rich in trace elements. After esophageal cancer surgery, it is advisable to have small amount of meals. After eating, it is better to move around a little for 30 minutes and then rest in bed, so that the food in the stomach can be partially discharged to reduce reflux. Timely and regular rechecking and timely treatment once problems are found.