Prevention and control of atherothrombosis The prevention and control of arterial thrombosis should focus on preventing the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques from rupture, and using effective antithrombotic drugs to prevent the formation of thrombus blocking blood vessels after plaque rupture, leading to serious consequences. For atherothrombotic diseases, the lesion begins in adolescence, and the onset begins in middle and old age; death and disability lie in the event, and the first offender is thrombus; prevention from childhood can benefit life and prolong life. Through publicity and education, we should advocate a civilized and healthy lifestyle, such as eating less and being more active, quitting smoking and drinking; starting from children, avoiding overweight or obesity. Regular checkups and timely detection of risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, control these risk factors through lifestyle changes and drug interventions to slow down or avoid the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Even with lesions, plaque rupture can be avoided through behavioral and pharmacological interventions, and antithrombotic therapy prevents the formation of thrombus on the basis of plaque rupture to prevent the emergence of vascular events. Once a vascular event has occurred due to plaque rupture and thrombosis, all that can be done is to mend the fold after death. In addition to aggressive treatment and loss reduction, the next step is to prevent the recurrence of similar vascular events through active interventions. If there is no contraindication, patients who have already had a vascular event should take small doses of aspirin for life. Statin lipid-regulating drugs can stabilize plaque and prevent further vascular events, and secondary prevention should also be used routinely. In fact, primary prevention appears far more important and saves more patients than secondary prevention, because the base of this group of patients is large, and whether to take primary prevention measures depends on the presence, amount and intensity of risk factors. In addition to lifestyle changes and risk factor control, high-risk patients should take long-term aspirin. Guidelines published by the British Hypertension Society in 1999 and 2004 and by the European Society of Cardiology in 2003 include aspirin antithrombotic and these guidelines recommend aggressive lipid intervention in all patients with hypertension. 1. Primary prevention: Aspirin 75 mg/day if the patient is 350 years of age, has controlled blood pressure below 150/90 mmHg, and has target organ damage, diabetes, or one of the 10-year cardiovascular disease risks 320%. 2. Secondary prevention: Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular events, unless contraindicated, use aspirin 75 mg/day antithrombotic in all patients. Diabetes impairs endothelial cell function and induces or exacerbates atherosclerosis; activates platelets; increases synthesis or activity of coagulation substances; decreases fibrinolytic activity, and abnormal blood rheology. Diabetic atherosclerotic lesions have active inflammation and plaques are more likely to rupture, leading to thrombosis and vascular events. In all adults with diabetes mellitus and macrovascular disease, consider initiating primary prevention with aspirin in patients aged 340 years with diabetes mellitus and one or more other cardiovascular risk factors, and do not use aspirin in patients aged <21 years; consider treatment with aspirin in patients aged 30 to 40 years with other cardiovascular risk factors. Second, prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism Thrombosis of venous system should focus on avoiding factors that cause blood flow slowdown, such as early out-of-bed activities for patients undergoing surgery, regular movement of lower extremities for long flight travel, and postoperative use of antithrombotic drugs for patients with major surgery or severe trauma. For inpatients, risk assessment should be routinely performed, and prophylaxis should be administered using pre-prepared prophylaxis protocols according to risk stratification. Prophylactic measures for venous thromboembolism include both drugs and devices. The primary drugs are low-molecular heparin, normal heparin, and warfarin, and the device approach includes intermittent inflation pressure pumps and gradient pressure compression stockings, both of which can be used in combination, as described in the 2004 American College of Chest Physicians Antithrombotic Guidelines for specific indications and usage. In addition to aggressive treatment, thrombosis must be followed up periodically after discharge from the hospital. Thrombosis accompanies many disease processes, and prevention of thrombosis should begin with control of risk factors for thrombosis, and thrombosis prevention measures for high-risk patients based on control of risk factors. Infusion twice a year, once in spring and once in autumn, is the main means for many patients to prevent and cure diseases, prevent and cure thrombosis, and this practice has no scientific basis. Not to mention what the drug is and how effective it is, 365 days a year, even if each infusion is 2 weeks. The treatment of thromboembolic diseases includes drugs, surgery and interventional approaches, which require a combination of medical and surgical procedures, prevention and treatment, and optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for maximum benefit of the patient. The key is not what we have and what we can do, but what is most beneficial, least risky and least expensive. We should be proficient in all 18 arts, but we cannot use everything; we cannot use all three axes: drugs, surgery and intervention. Thrombosis occurs in blood vessels, and for atherothrombosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and external vascular disease are actually the same type of disease, and both have similar prevention and treatment strategies and use similar tools. We believe that medical resources should be integrated and reorganized, and we actively advocate the establishment of a vascular thrombosis prevention and treatment center, so that patients can get the most optimal prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, and doctors, equipment and drugs can play their best role to improve efficiency, enhance the level of prevention and treatment, reduce waste, and benefit the country and the people. Thrombosis prevention and treatment is a systematic project, not only the responsibility of doctors, but also needs to raise the level of public awareness and extensive support from the government and media. Thrombosis-related diseases should be treated in a comprehensive manner and be under constant control; prevention should be combined with cure, and prevention is better than cure; it is better to mend than to prevent, and only in this way can we ensure a healthier and longer life of our nation.