There are two main causes of vascular blockage: thrombosis, which mostly occurs in veins; and atherosclerotic plaque formation or rupture, which leads to narrowing and occlusion of blood vessels. It mostly occurs in arteries. Venous thrombosis is generally treated with pharmacological and interventional therapy, with the drugs being mainly anticoagulant therapy, supplemented by drugs to improve venous circulation and/or thrombolytic therapy. Arterial occlusions can be treated with pharmacological, interventional and surgical options. The drugs are mainly antiplatelet drugs, vasodilators, and antispasmodic drugs, which can be supplemented with lipid-lowering therapy, etc. The treatment of vascular blockage depends on the location and degree of blockage as well as the clinical symptoms of the patient. Mild cases can be treated with medication, while severe cases can be treated with surgery. Anticoagulants include heparin, low molecular heparin, warfarin and new anticoagulants. Thrombolytic drugs include urokinase, fibrinolytic enzymes, tissue-type fibrinogen activator (t-PA), etc. Commonly used antiplatelet therapy drugs include aspirin and clopidogrel. Statins are commonly used for lipid-modifying therapy. In case of myocardial infarction caused by blockage of heart vessels, pharmacological thrombolytic therapy can be performed within the time window. If thrombolysis is ineffective or the time window for thrombolysis has been exceeded, percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting can be considered to reopen the vessels and restore blood supply. Surgical bypass surgery can also be performed according to the patient’s condition. In the case of acute cerebral infarction, within the time window, intravenous thrombolysis or angiographic stenting or stenting can be performed to save the patient’s life and reduce complications; in the case of lower extremity vascular occlusion, angiographic stenting or stenting can be performed. Blockage of the internal carotid artery can be treated with carotid endarterectomy.