Liver cancer is currently one of the most common malignant tumors in China, and the annual mortality rate of liver cancer in China is the second highest among tumor mortality rates, with a higher incidence in men than in women. At present, it is believed that primary liver tumors are related to liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, certain chemical carcinogens such as aflatoxin and soil and water factors. As China is a large country with hepatitis B, most of the liver cancers in China develop on the basis of hepatitis B cirrhosis (that is, the common trilogy of “hepatitis B → cirrhosis → liver cancer”), and hepatitis C can also develop into liver cancer afterwards. (1) Surgical resection (currently the first and most effective method for liver cancer): The survival rate of early stage liver cancer reaches more than 80% in one year and more than 50% in five years after surgical resection. (2) Liver transplantation: besides liver resection, liver transplantation is also the best choice for surgical treatment, especially for small liver cancer patients with combined cirrhosis and liver function loss. (Our liver transplantation center has a first-class liver surgery team in China, completing more than 200 liver transplants each year, and the liver transplantation exceeded 1000 cases in January 2011). Our standards have expanded the range of indications for liver transplantation for liver cancer compared with the international standards for liver transplantation for liver cancer. Patients with liver cancer beyond the standards may eventually experience recurrence and metastasis after receiving liver transplantation, but their quality of life and survival time are significantly better than other treatment modalities, so a comprehensive judgment should be made to select the indications based on the ratio of donor-recipient needs. 2. Other treatments: (1) radiofrequency ablation; (2) microwave ablation; (3) high-intensity focused ultrasound; (4) anhydrous alcohol injection; (5) arterial chemoembolization; (6) molecular targeted therapy; (7) Chinese medicine treatment, etc. Among them, radiofrequency ablation or microwave ablation treatment for liver cancer uses the thermal effect of microwave or radiofrequency to heat liver tissues through the oscillation of polar molecules in tissues, especially water molecules, so as to cause thermal coagulation in the target area, which is commonly known as burning the tumor, and can achieve radical curative effect comparable to liver cancer resection and liver transplantation. It is suitable for patients with small single hepatocellular carcinoma and far from important blood vessels, recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection or poor liver function reserve function that cannot tolerate surgical resection. Hepatic artery interventional embolization chemotherapy, i.e., reaching the hepatic artery through arterial placement and injecting embolic agents or anti-cancer drugs, is commonly used for patients with mid- to late-stage hepatocellular carcinoma that cannot be surgically resected, and can achieve the purpose of controlling the disease and prolonging survival. For patients who are not suitable for hepatic artery intervention and certain patients after palliative surgery, combined or sequential chemotherapy can be used, but hepatocellular carcinoma is not effective in chemotherapy and often fails to achieve good therapeutic effect. The new molecular targeted drug sorafenib, which has been introduced in recent years, can delay tumor progression and can prolong survival to some extent. The results of clinical trials at home and abroad show that sorafenib can prolong patients’ survival time up to 2-3 months and delay disease progression by 73%, but the drug is more expensive and may be accompanied by more serious adverse effects such as diarrhea, rash, hypertension and hand-foot syndrome. The effect of this drug needs further evaluation. Reminder: The general principle of liver cancer treatment is early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment, and the implementation of standardized and comprehensive treatment is emphasized.