In our daily life, we often hear that someone has been injured and fractured, or someone asks you what kind of diet and what kind of food is good to eat after fracture, which shows that fracture is closely related to our life. Knowing the general knowledge of fracture can help to determine whether to go to the hospital early and guide the life after the fracture. Let’s talk about the basic knowledge about fracture.
What is a fracture?
A fracture is a condition in which a bone is partially or completely broken due to trauma or pathology. The main symptoms are pain and pressure at the fracture site, local swelling, petechiae, limited or complete loss of limb function, and, in the case of complete fractures, limb deformity and abnormal movement.
What are the causes of fracture?
The causes of fractures are varied and are mainly caused by the action of forces. Depending on the force, the causes of fracture can be divided into the following categories: the first is direct violence, which is the direct action of violence on a part of the bone that causes a fracture, this fracture often occurs at the injury, often accompanied by varying degrees of soft tissue damage, such as a car collision with the thigh can lead to a femur fracture. The second is indirect violence, violence through longitudinal conduction, leverage or torsion, so that distant fractures occur, such as a fall from a height when the foot lands on the ground, can lead to tibiofibular fractures or lumbar compression fractures. The third type is cumulative injury, which is a long-term, repeated, minor direct or indirect injury that can lead to fracture of a specific area, called fatigue fracture, such as a long-distance march can lead to fracture of the second metatarsal.
How to determine whether a fracture has occurred?
Fractures have the following characteristics.
1, generally fractures have a history of trauma such as falls and impact injuries.
2. The presence of local pain, pressure pain, circumferential pressure pain, buckling pain, and longitudinal buckling pain.
3.Local swelling, ecchymosis, deformity, such as meal fork-like deformity after distal radius fracture, etc.
4. Local abnormal activity with bone rubbing sound and bone rubbing sensation. 5. Restriction of limb or trunk movement.
Once the above situation occurs, you should go to the orthopedic department of the hospital as soon as possible. The doctor can clarify the site, degree and displacement of the fracture by taking x-ray or other examinations, and do the corresponding treatment.
What treatments are available for fractures?
After a fracture, the doctor will give the appropriate treatment according to the patient’s specific situation, generally there are two types of non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment. Non-surgical treatment mainly consists of repositioning, splinting or external fixation, and functional exercises. Surgical treatment mainly includes internal fixation by incision and joint replacement.
What should I pay attention to after a fracture?
1.After a fracture, you should send it to the hospital as soon as possible. When transporting a fracture of an extremity, you should use a bamboo or wooden board to fix it properly, while a fracture of the spine should be transported by keeping the trunk straight and using a bed board.
2. For patients with non-surgical treatment of limb fractures, the doctor will give rectification and do external fixation with splint or cast. After fixation, we should pay close attention to the color, temperature, sensation and independent activity of the fingers or toes. Once the fingers or toes are dark or pale, pain is increased, numbness or dullness of sensation, the external fixation is too tight and the doctor should be called to readjust the tightness. In life, the affected limb can be elevated to promote the return of blood and reduce swelling.
3.For patients with surgical internal fixation of limb fractures, in addition to the color, temperature, sensation and autonomous activity of the fingers or toes after surgery, attention should be paid to the blood and fluid seepage of the wound, and if the dressing is wet, a doctor should be called to change the dressing and re-dress it.
4. Bedridden patients should be encouraged to sit up regularly, do deep breathing, back patting and other care to avoid lung infection; maintain water intake to prevent urinary tract infection and stones.
How should fracture patients exercise?
The doctor will make a functional exercise plan for the fracture patient, and the exercise should be done gradually, not blindly and roughly. In the early stage of the fracture (1 to 2 weeks), the main purpose is to do isometric muscle contractions, such as fist clenching and finger movement for upper limb fractures, and isometric contractions of quadriceps and calf muscles for lower limb fractures. In the middle of the fracture (3-6 weeks), muscle contraction exercises are continued, and the movement of the upper and lower joints of the fracture is gradually restored with the help of medical personnel or healthy limbs, from passive to active, gradually increasing the range of motion and strength. At the later stage of the fracture (after the fracture is clinically healed), it is advisable to strengthen the active activities of the joints of the affected limb and gradually increase the weight-bearing of the limb, so that the range of joint activities and limb strength can gradually return to normal.
What is the diet for fracture patients?
In order to promote fracture healing, the diet of fracture patients can be adjusted according to the early, middle and late stages of fracture healing with different dietary treatments to promote the absorption of hematoma and the production of bone scabs.
Early stage: The diet should be light, such as vegetables, eggs, soy products, fruits, fish soup, lean meat, etc. Avoid eating sour, spicy, hot and greasy food, especially do not eat fatty and nourishing products too early, otherwise the blood stagnation will be difficult to dissipate and affect the fracture recovery. Food therapy can be used to stew 10 grams of Panax ginseng, 10 grams of Angelica sinensis and 1 pigeon, cooked and rotten, with meat and soup together, once a day for 7~10 days.
Mid-term: diet is based on high nutritious food, you can use Tian Qi in chicken in the initial recipe, and you can also consume food like animal liver. Food therapy can be used with 10 grams of angelica, 15 grams of bone marrow, 10 grams of sequestra, 250 grams of fresh pork chops or beef ribs, stewed for more than 1 hour, soup and meat together, for 2 weeks.
Later: diet can be lifted, recipes can be accompanied by old hen soup, pork bone soup, sheep bone soup, stewed water fish, etc. Those who can drink alcohol can drink an appropriate amount of Duzhong bone crushed tonic wine, chicken blood vine wine, tiger bone papaya wine, etc. Food therapy can be wolfberry 10 grams, 15 grams of bone crushed tonic, 10 grams of sequestra, 50 grams of coic rice, bone crushed tonic and sequestra first decoction to remove the dregs, and then add the other two flavors with the porridge to eat. Decocted once a day, 7 days for a course of treatment, after each course of treatment interval of 3-5 days, a total of 3 to 4 courses of treatment.