Etiology: Constrictive pericarditis is secondary to acute pericarditis, and sometimes the development of acute transformation into constrictive can be observed clinically, but in most cases the symptoms are not obvious in the acute phase, and when the manifestation of constrictive pericarditis is obvious the pathological features of the original disease are often lost, so the etiology of many patients is not certain. The majority of patients have tuberculous pericarditis, followed by nonspecific pericarditis, radiation therapy and direct cardiac surgery, and a few have septic pericarditis and traumatic pericarditis. The early symptoms of constrictive pericarditis are often due to the relatively fixed volume of cardiac output, which cannot be increased during activity. At a later stage, dyspnea may occur even at rest due to a large amount of pleural effusion, ascites, elevation of the diaphragm and pulmonary congestion, and even telangiectatic breathing. These manifestations are related to the restriction of cardiac activity and the reduction of cardiac output. The nature of the sound is similar to that of acute pericarditis with cardiac compression. The heart rate is usually fast, and the rhythm is usually sinus. In constrictive pericarditis, ascites appears earlier than subcutaneous edema and is more numerous than in general heart failure. More than half of the patients have a mildly enlarged cardiac shadow and the rest have a normal size cardiac shadow; 4. Enhanced CT shows a thickening of the left ventricular posterior pericardium; 5. Diastolic pressure right ventricular end-diastolic pressure right atrial mean pressure and vena cava pressure are significantly higher and tend to be equal to the reduced cardiac output. Treatment: Pericardial dissection should be performed as early as possible. The effect of surgery is often affected by atrophy and fibrous degeneration of the myocardium over time, so as long as the clinical manifestations are progressive cardiac compression, which cannot be explained by simple pericardial exudate or the signs of cardiac compression become more and more obvious during the absorption of pericardial exudate, or the wall layer of the pericardium is found to be significantly thickened during pericardial cavity gas injection, or magnetic resonance imaging shows pericardial thickening and narrowing, such as pericardial If the infection is largely controlled, surgery should be sought early. Patients with tuberculous pericarditis should consider surgery after tuberculous activity has subsided to avoid premature surgery resulting in dissemination of tuberculosis.