In everyday life, many people suffer from shoulder joint pain. Some people have pain when they lift their shoulder to a certain angle and cannot lift their arm above their head. When the pain is severe, even painkillers do not work, and you often wake up with pain when you sleep, not knowing how to put your hands, and your quality of life is significantly reduced. Over time, the shoulder muscles atrophy, the shoulder joint stiffens, and the shoulder joint movement becomes more and more restricted. Usually, many people will mistake the above shoulder discomfort for “frozen shoulder”. Is there really so much “frozen shoulder”? Actually, no. The real “frozen shoulder” is a kind of adhesive capsulitis, also known as “frozen shoulder”, partly caused by trauma, most of the causes are unknown, and the clinical incidence accounts for about 10% of shoulder pain. Due to the long-standing lack of understanding of the etiology, anatomical structure and pathogenesis of shoulder diseases, as well as the lack of professional shoulder physicians, “frozen shoulder” has become the scapegoat for many shoulder diseases. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis often leads to further aggravation of the disease, making treatment more difficult. Rotator cuff injury and impingement sign With the rapid development of science and technology and diagnostic methods, it has been found that the highest incidence of shoulder joint pathology is rotator cuff injury, accounting for 17-41%, followed by impingement sign and shoulder instability. The shoulder joint is the joint with the largest range of motion in the human body, but it is also the most unstable joint. The shoulder joint has a complex structure, consisting of the acromioclavicular joint, the glenohumeral joint, and the rostral arch located on it. The glenohumeral joint is the shoulder joint in the narrow sense, mainly composed of the scapular glenoid and the humeral head, which has a large head but a small articular surface, so the shoulder joint has a large range of motion, but its stability is poor. The symptoms of rotator cuff injury are similar to those of acromioclavicular impingement, with pain being the main symptom, aggravated by abduction at 60 degrees to 120 degrees (positive pain arc), and sleep disturbance when lying on the affected side. Rotator cuff injury is also associated with weakness in supination and limited active range of motion. The main causes of rotator cuff injury are degeneration, impingement and trauma. Chronic rotator cuff injuries are mostly caused by degeneration of the shoulder joint and are age-related; impingement is related to the many anatomical features of the shoulder joint itself, which can cause chronic wear and tear impingement and rotator cuff injury when repeatedly over-activated; acute rotator cuff injuries have a clear history of trauma and are common in young adults. Acute rotator cuff injuries have a clear history of trauma and are common in young adults. It is a chronic shoulder pain syndrome caused by repeated friction and impact between the intra-articular structures and the rostral shoulder arch during shoulder joint lifting and abduction activities. The main symptoms are pain around the shoulder, nighttime pain, inability to lift the shoulder, and inability to lift the hand over the head. The occurrence of shoulder impingement syndrome is related to the shape of the shoulder crest and the degenerative osteophytes of the shoulder crest. The shoulder crest can be divided into hook, curve, and flat, with the hook-shaped shoulder crest being the most likely to cause rotator cuff injury. Localized osteophytes, bone spurs or subacromial bursa hypertrophy can lead to inflammation and rotator cuff injury. If left untreated, the symptoms will become a vicious cycle, and the shoulder pain and activity limitation will become more and more obvious, which will seriously affect your life. Shoulder joint diagnosis and treatment When you encounter shoulder joint pain and restricted movement, you should not take it for granted and jump to the conclusion that it is “frozen shoulder”, which will delay the condition and treatment. If the symptoms are not serious, conservative treatment, including local closure, physiotherapy, rehabilitation exercises, medication, etc., can be started. If systematic conservative treatment is ineffective, surgery can be performed according to the patient’s specific situation. For patients who need surgery, arthroscopic technology is rapidly developing because of the beautiful surgical incision, small trauma and fast recovery. After surgery, with reasonable rehabilitation exercises, the function of the shoulder joint can be restored and the quality of life can be significantly improved. However, if there are large defects in the bone and serious joint destruction, open surgery is required, and in some cases, artificial joints have to be replaced to partially solve the shoulder joint problems. In addition, patients with bone disease are more or less likely to have osteoporosis in combination. Takuo Fujio, a leading Japanese endocrinologist, has pointed out that “humans, like all terrestrial animals, will be threatened by calcium deficiency throughout their lives.” Calcium deficiency caused by massive loss or malabsorption of calcium is an important factor in the development of osteoporosis. At present, at least 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, with the sixth highest incidence of various common diseases in the world. In the early 90s, a survey in Shanghai and Beijing showed that more than 50% of women and 20% of men over 60 years old suffered from osteoporosis. Therefore, the treatment of osteoporosis should be carried out at the same time as the treatment of shoulder diseases in order to achieve the desired effect.