Myofascial pain syndrome is a chronic pain caused by localized adhesion contractures of the injured myofascia. It is a common condition that triggers acute or chronic pain and is experienced by almost everyone at one or more times during their lifetime. The presence of a trigger point is one of the necessary criteria for the diagnosis of MPS. Trigger points are described as highly restricted and irritable sites on palpable tension cords in skeletal muscle fibers and can be seen throughout the body in various muscles, and were originally proposed by Janet Travell, an American clinician, in 1942. Myofascial pain trigger point pain is often accompanied by increased autonomic, especially sympathetic, activity. I. How to diagnose the disease Myofascial pain syndrome is very common in China and abroad, so how to diagnose it? The Smons diagnostic criteria are commonly used at present. The main criteria are: 1) complaints of regional pain; 2) complaints of abnormal sensation in the area of expected distribution of pain or trigger point involvement pain; 3) palpable tension zone in the affected muscle; 4) intense point-like tenderness at a point within the tension zone; 5) some degree of motor restriction when measured. Secondary criteria: 1) repetition of the complained clinical pain or sensory abnormality at the pressure point; 2) local twitch response induced by lateral grasping or pin pricking into the trigger point of the band; 3) pain relief by stretching the muscle or injecting the trigger point. The diagnosis of MPS is confirmed if 5 primary and at least 1 secondary criteria are met. What happens if not treated? If the painful trigger point of a muscle is not treated for a long time, it will also cause a local mechanical imbalance in the body, and other skeletal muscles and antagonistic muscles of the same mechanical function will also be indirectly overused and damaged, which will eventually produce the trigger point and cause the dysfunction of the whole joint. For example, frozen shoulder, is a good example. Third, how is it treated? The rehabilitation methods of MPS generally include muscle relaxants, heat therapy, acupuncture, and massage. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are effective in pain relief and anti-inflammation as well as antiplatelet. They are commonly used drugs. Myorelaxants are good for relieving skeletal muscle spasm and its associated pain that occurs in acute skeletal muscle disease. Antidepressants have also been used in myofascial pain syndromes, but long-term evidence is lacking. Physical therapy, including muscle massage, cold, heat, electrotherapy, low-frequency, ultraviolet therapy, ultrasound, ultralaser, and high-voltage pulsed direct current stimulation. Acupuncture therapy and microneedle therapy have also been found to be effective in blocking trigger points and are now widely used.