Chronic low back pain is very common in the clinic, and it refers to a group of symptoms of diseases caused by various causes of chronic low back pain accompanied by radiating numbness pain in the lower limbs. The main cause of this disease is the compression of the lumbar nerve roots due to various factors, resulting in low back pain and even radiating pain and numbness in the lower limbs. Since the compression persists for a long time and will slowly intensify, the patient’s pain will worsen over time, and even manifestations of incomplete paralysis such as walking weakness or urinary and fecal dysfunction may occur. There are many treatment options for low back pain in the pain department of Xiangyang First People’s Hospital, but considering the risk of complications from open surgical treatment, non-surgical treatment is still the preferred treatment for most patients. Traditional treatments include acupuncture, physiotherapy, massage, etc. Minimally invasive techniques include ozone therapy, etc. As a kind of minimally invasive treatment, radiofrequency thermal coagulation nerve block uses the impedance of high-frequency current on the organism to selectively block the sensory nerve to achieve pain relief, which is a relatively advanced treatment method in the medical field at home and abroad. The etiology of low back pain is complex, and chronic lower back pain may originate from many sites, which are sometimes difficult to locate by clinical and imaging examinations alone. However, any source of pain has its own structural basis of innervation, and blocking the innervated nerve can not only relieve pain but also achieve the purpose of localization. The research on the path and distribution of the posterior branch of the spinal nerve has revealed that there is a close neural connection between the site of lumbar pain and the posterior branch, and the researcher has conducted targeted human anatomy and microscopic dissection of the posterior branch of the lumbar nerve based on the practice of treating thousands of cases of lumbar and leg pain. The pain in the posterior lateral branch of the lumbar nerve was found. For a large number of patients with lumbar, hip and leg pain caused by persistent posterior lumbar nerve lesions, blocking or inactivating the painful area when treatment for the painful area is ineffective can cure these persistent diseases that have long been thought to be of unknown origin. Radiofrequency treatment technology is minimally invasive, fast analgesic, and has a low incidence of complications and side effects under proper operation. With the help of the electrical stimulation test and impedance monitoring system equipped in the RF instrument itself, this technology can accurately place the RF needle to the relevant nerve site, and by adjusting the size of RF output power and setting the action temperature, it can precisely control the scope of the injury foci and avoid unnecessary side injuries.