General principles of treatment for Parkinson’s disease

The course of Parkinson’s disease is long and slow, and its treatment cycle is also long, even requiring lifelong treatment. The effectiveness of treatment is often related to the patient’s mental, emotional and physical health. Therefore, the treatment of Parkinson’s disease is often described as a “complex systematic project”. This “project” includes at least the following elements: 1, daily life ① activities, limbs often exercise to help ease the joints of the inflexible, and long-term inactivity will cause limb and muscle atrophy. ② diet, Parkinson’s disease patients are prone to constipation and excessive secretion of skin oil, so the diet should be rich in fiber and easy to digest food to control the intake of fat. Especially for those patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes, a reasonable diet is especially important. ③ Mental health, many patients in the disease will appear emotional instability, anxiety, fear or self-abandonment, these are due to a lack of understanding of the disease. The patient’s psychological condition will affect the treatment effect, so medical staff and family members have the responsibility to explain the patient’s condition and enhance the patient’s confidence in overcoming the disease, and the patient should also establish the spirit of optimism and a positive attitude towards life. Enhancing physical fitness, including playing tai chi, doing exercises, jogging and practicing qigong, etc., will be beneficial to alleviating the progress of the disease. 2.Drug therapy mainly adopts drug substitution therapy. The use of drugs is not a simple process of giving and taking drugs, some problems need to be noted: ① correct the imbalance of dopaminergic and cholinergic system, often use anticholinesterase drugs (such as Antan, etc.), which is aimed at relieving symptoms. However, these drugs can cause memory impairment and mental deterioration, so do not advocate long-term use. Levodopa is the main anti-Parkinson’s disease drug, and is commonly used in clinical practice. It is now advocated for early use. ③ small amount of principle, when taking levodopa preparations, advocating a small dose to start, gradually increase the amount, until effective and maintain. Large doses do not greatly improve the efficacy, but increase the side effects of drugs. The purpose of advocating the use of combined drugs is to treat the disease from multiple perspectives, and the effect is more ideal than that of “playing alone”, and the side effects are also smaller. Timely treatment of complications. Surgery can be chosen by patients who meet the indications. In addition, although there is no outward trauma, the principle of radiotherapy is the same as that of surgery, so it should not be the first choice. 4.Assistive treatment: including acupuncture, physical therapy, massage, etc., may help to relieve the symptoms. 5.Strengthen life and psychological care: Parkinson’s disease patients are slow and inconvenient, so life care is very important. Especially for the inconvenience of life easily caused by bruises, falls and other injuries, should take appropriate measures, such as lowering the height of the bed, equipped with a cane, and so on. For patients who are prone to constipation, dietary structure should be adjusted in time. Psychological care is mainly mental care, encouragement and comfort. 6.Regular review: patients should go to the hospital in time for follow-up, so that the physician can dynamically observe the changes in the condition, adjust the medication in time and judge the efficacy of the treatment.