During the Spring Festival, blood pressure control is the key, do you really know these medication knowledge? Hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by increased arterial blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic) in the body circulation (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg), which may be accompanied by functional or organic damage to the heart, brain, kidneys and other organs.
I. Common causes of morbidity.
Genetic factors.
About half of the patients with hypertension have a family history.
Environmental factors.
1, weight factors: excessive obesity.
2, dietary factors: long-term high sodium, high cholesterol diet, etc.
3, smoking and drinking: tobacco nicotine and long-term heavy alcohol consumption.
4, social, spiritual and psychological factors: mental tension, mood swings, environmental stimuli, etc. can also affect blood pressure levels.
Age factors.
The disease rate tends to increase with age, with a high incidence in those over 40 years of age.
Other factors.
Contraceptives, sleep disorders apnea hypoventilation syndrome, etc.
Second, clinical manifestations.
Symptoms of hypertension vary from person to person, early may be asymptomatic or symptoms are not obvious, only in nervousness, mood swings or after exertion blood pressure temporarily increased and return to normal after rest; with the prolongation of the disease, there will be headache, dizziness, palpitations, fatigue, memory loss, inattention and other phenomena, when the blood pressure rises to a certain extent will even appear severe headache, vomiting, vertigo and other symptoms, serious When blood pressure rises to a certain level, symptoms such as severe headache, vomiting and vertigo may occur, and in severe cases, hypertensive crises such as confusion and convulsions may occur.
Treatment
Drug treatment
There is a wide range of antihypertensive drugs, and the first thing is to strictly follow medical advice. For drug selection, four principles should be followed, namely, starting with small doses, giving preference to long-acting preparations, combined medication and individualization.
Types of antihypertensive drugs.
1, diuretics: indapamide, hydrochlorothiazide, aminoglutethimide, spironolactone (Ativan), furosemide (tachyphylaxis), amiloride, etc..
2, calcium channel blockers: nifedipine (cardiac pain, Baysin equal), nimodipine, felodipine (Boydin), amlodipine (Loxodren), verapamil (Isoptin), diltiazem (Tenelheart), etc..
3, β-blockers: propranolol (Jinan), metoprolol (Betaxolol), atenolol, bisoprolol, labetalol, etc..
4, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI): captopril, enalapril, benazepril (Lodinexin, etc.), perindopril (Yashida), etc.
5, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB): colesartan, valsartan, telmisartan, candesartan, etc.
6, alpha-blockers: short-acting prazosin, long-acting doxazosin, terazosin, etc.
7, compound preparations: cloxacin/hydrochlorothiazide, perindopril/indapamide, compound antihypertensive tablets, etc. (combined in small doses to play a synergistic role in lowering blood pressure and reducing adverse effects).
Due to different etiologies and different pathogenesis of hypertension, clinical medications are treated separately to select the most appropriate drugs and doses to obtain the best efficacy.
Non-pharmacological treatment
Improve lifestyle: weight control, adopt low sodium, low fat, low cholesterol, low sugar diet, quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption, moderate activity, maintain an optimistic attitude, reduce mental stress.
Fourth, other precautions
1, hypertension is a preventable and controllable disease, should be regular follow-up and blood pressure measurement. Medical research shows that human blood pressure fluctuations in the day and night 24
The trend of continuous rise in the early morning, reaching a peak at 9-11 a.m., then rising again at 3-6 p.m., and gradually declining after going to sleep, this two high and one low time period is the risk period of hypertension. So some people’s traditional practice of taking medication before going to bed is unreasonable, which can easily lead to a significant drop in blood pressure, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the heart, brain, kidneys and other organs, and even induce the risk of cerebral thrombosis or myocardial infarction.
Patients need to note that if they take one antihypertensive drug per day should be scheduled in the morning after waking up, and the latest one needs to be taken several times a day should be scheduled 3 to 4 hours before bedtime.
2.Medication should be used correctly under the guidance of a doctor, and drugs should be selected according to the individual, not blindly following the example of others or using drugs based on feelings.
3, some people are eager to cure the disease, often doubling the medication or several drugs without authorization, too fast to lower the blood pressure can lead to cerebral thrombosis and other adverse consequences, do not be too hasty, should gradually lower the pressure;.
4, do not interrupt the medication at will, some people after taking the medication for a period of time, after measuring the blood pressure down to normal, and then stop the medication, after a period of time to see the blood pressure rise again, this not only can not effectively control hypertension, but also worsen the condition, so that the body produces resistance to further treatment.