In the practice of diagnosis and treatment, the twenty-six commonly used pulses and their associated pulses can summarize the clinical intricacies and variations of the pulse, which basically can meet the needs of “discriminatory treatment”. Therefore, the identification and analysis of the twenty-six common pulse signs is the basis for the identification and analysis of complex pulse signs. To identify the pulse, one must master the normal pulse and be familiar with the pulse shape norms of the twenty-six common pulse signs. This is the most important basis. Secondly, it is necessary to master the correct method of operation and skillful technique. In addition, there are many ways to be flexible. For example, the method of “classifying” the pulse, the method of “comparing with each other”, the method of “knowing the constant and changing”, the method of “checking the unique The method of “categorizing” the pulse signs, the method of “comparing them with each other”, the method of “knowing the normal and changing”, the method of “checking the unique”, etc. The analysis of the pulse is so broad and rich in connotation. But in general, it is to analyze the cause, nature, location, development trend and pathological mechanism of the disease according to the change of pulse, which provides an important basis for the “diagnosis and treatment”. The identification and analysis of the pulse is a key aspect of pulse diagnosis for clinical use, and is the link and bridge between pulse diagnosis and the process of “diagnosis and treatment”. Generations of doctors have accumulated a very rich experience. However, due to the twenty-six commonly used pulse shape norms and the actual meaning of the pulse is buried or misunderstood part, directly affects the identification and analysis of the pulse. For example, the actual meaning of the Ge pulse and the substitution pulse is mainly to identify and analyze the changes or transformations of the pulse. However, because their practical significance is buried, they almost fail to function. Then there is the artery, which is essentially a pulse form of non-sinus rhythm. However, it did not play a role in diagnosing non-sinus rhythm because its actual meaning was buried. These facts show that the methods and content of the identification and analysis of the pulse need to be further enriched and improved. According to the test, the twenty-six common pulse signs carefully screened and determined by ancient physicians are a rigorous and scientific combination that reflects not only the relevant aspects of the inch pulse changes, but also the multiple methods of discriminating and analyzing complex pulse signs. Moreover, these methods are practical, both easy and accurate. Therefore, these methods should be re-enriched to the current method of pulse diagnosis. 1, identify and analyze the pulse reflecting the pulse position The pulse reflecting the pulse position is divided into four categories: one is the floating pulse, the second is the pulse that does not float or sink, the third is the sinking pulse, and the fourth is the volatile pulse. The method of identification is to first determine the finger force used to “press the inch mouth area to the bone”. Then, use the corresponding finger force to identify the inch mouth pulse in which part. According to the order of the “five parts” of the inch mouth pulse, the changes in the pulse position can be accurately identified. For convenience, the finger force of “pressing to the bone” will be called “total finger force” for the time being. According to the “total finger force”, the corresponding finger force can be specifically mastered for each of the “five parts” of the diagnosis. For example, to identify the floating pulse, the finger force used should not exceed “two-fifths” of the “total finger force”. To identify a sunken pulse, use a finger force greater than “three-fifths” of the “total finger force”. To identify a non-sinking pulse, the finger force used is between “two-fifths” and “three-fifths” of the “total finger force”. If the pulse body cannot be touched with the “total finger force” and needs more than the “total finger force” to be touched, it is a volatile pulse. Using the above method, the change in pulse position can be accurately identified. Other pulse signs that have changes in pulse position as a constituent condition are all concurrent veins. For example, the “moist pulse” is “thin and soft” and “floating”, and the “weak pulse” is The “thin and soft” and “sinking”. For example, “floating pulse” is a combination of “floating pulse” and “counting pulse”, “sinking pulse” is a combination of “sinking pulse” and “sinking pulse”. The “sunken pulse” and “counted pulse” both. Obviously, this is a very accurate method of identification. The analysis of the pulse position changes, it is generally believed that the floating pulse is the main surface, the sinking pulse is the main inside, this is the general rule. When the diagnosis, the surface evidence pulse is not floating or sinking pulse, its diagnostic role is more important. The general rule of pulse changes and special significance must be integrated for analysis, in order to fully reflect the diagnostic role of pulse changes. For example, the “treatise on typhoid fever” Article 92 says: “sickness fever and headache, the pulse counter sinking, if not worse, the body pain, when saving its inside, four reverse soup formula.” Article 301 says: “Shao-yin disease, the beginning of the get, but the fever pulse sinking, ephedra with seeds and pungent soup is the main.” These two articles are all about “superficial evidence”, but the pulse is not “floating” but “sinking”. In this case, the comprehensive analysis of pulse and symptoms is very important. In the previous article, the disease has fever, headache, body pain, is the sun superficial evidence, the pulse should be “floating” but “sinking”, indicating that the plain Yang Qi deficiency, the inner deficiency is heavier, so the use of four reverse soup to rescue the inner, this is the relief of superficial in the return of Yang to rescue the reverse. This shows that the Treatise on Typhoid does not “give up the pulse to follow the symptoms” because “the pulse does not match the symptoms”, thus reflecting the guiding role of the pulse position changes on the “discriminatory treatment”. Article 301 is the evidence of the two sensations of Tai and Shao. The disease in Shaoyin, should not be fever but fever, so called “anti”. This “fever” is the external wind-cold evil in the surface. This pulse is sinking, is the heart and kidney Yang deficiency is not enough to drum. The treatise on typhoid does not take the “pulse and symptoms do not match”, but in the pulse and the “normal” and “change” of the disease to identify its pathological mechanism, to clarify the pulse position changes and symptoms do not match the The intrinsic cause of the change in pulse level does not match the symptom, and seek the appropriate treatment. The intrinsic cause is the deficiency of heart and kidney yang and wind and cold, so the epithelial and internal solution of ephedra and aconite soup is used. These examples show that the analysis of pulse changes should be broadened and not limited to the general understanding that “a certain pulse is responsible for a certain evidence”. If the pulse and symptoms do not match, it should be analyzed in depth. 2, identify and analyze the pulse reflecting the change of “to the number” The pulse reflecting the change of “to the number” is divided into three categories: one is the late pulse, the second is the normal pulse to the number, and the third is the number of pulse. The clinical intricacies of the “to the number” changes are no more than these three categories. Other pulse if the pulse “to the number of” changes as a constituent condition, are the phase of the pulse. For example, the rapid pulse is the “number” pulse and then “when a stop”. Another example is that the pulse is late and sunken pulse, and the pulse is sunken number is the number of pulse and sunken pulse. The “to the number” change is the easiest to identify, can be used to “breathe fixed breath” or “timing method” to determine. It is generally believed that the number of normal pulse is between one breath four, five to. A breath three to or less than three to, are late pulse. A breath of six or more, are the number of pulse. According to the timing method, the pulse is late if it moves less than 50 times per minute, the normal number of to 60-90 times per minute, and the number of pulses if it exceeds the normal number of pulses. The number of pulses in children is discussed separately. To the analysis of the number of changes, it is generally believed that the number of pulse main heat, late pulse main cold. However, this is only the most general diagnostic significance of the “late number” of the two veins. Practice has proved that the late, number two pulse to analyze the evidence of cold, heat does have great practical value. In addition, there is a broader significance to the variation in the number of pulses. For example, organic and functional lesions of the heart, as well as pain, phlegm, and drinking evidence, can all be diagnosed by the change in pulse count. Especially in the case of “inconsistent pulse and symptoms”, the analysis of the change in the number of the pulse is particularly important. For example, the “Treatise on Typhoid” Article 213 says: “Yangming disease, the pulse is late, although sweating, not vicious cold, his body must be heavy, short of breath, abdominal fullness and asthma, with hot flashes, in addition to want to solve, can be attacked inside. The hand and foot red tape slowly hooked Jesus jerked Shun Spanish Eris Yan misery glass provocative music funky! The government’s policy is to ensure that the government’s policies and procedures are consistent with the principles of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. 3.Identify and analyze the pulse reflecting the size of the pulse body The pulse reflecting the size of the pulse body is divided into three categories: one is the normal pulse body, the second is the flood pulse, and the third is the fine pulse. The size of the pulse body that can be touched by the clinic is no more than these three categories. Other pulse if the pulse body “large” or the pulse body “fine” as the composition of the condition, are the phase with the pulse. For example, the “deficient pulse” is a pulse body “large” combined with “late, empty, soft” and other conditions. The “micro pulse” is the pulse body “fine” and then “soft”. The identification of the size of the pulse body is based on the normal pulse body. If it is “larger” than the normal pulse body, it is a flood pulse. If “small” than the normal pulse body, are fine veins. The standard of the normal pulse body varies from person to person, and can be determined by referring to the method of dividing the “five parts”. See Chapter 6 for details, without repeating. The analysis of the size of the pulse body, it is generally believed that the main real main heat of the flood pulse, the main deficiency of the thin pulse. In fact, this is the general rule of the two main disease of the flood pulse. In addition to this, both pulses have a very wide range of diagnostic significance. For example, the Hong pulse, “pulse study elucidation” says: “If the disease after a long period of deficiency, or deficiency labor loss of blood and the appearance of this pulse, for Yang Sheng Yin exhaustion of the fierce image.” Although this pulse is a flooded pulse, is never the main real, can be sure that “stomach gas has been extinct” of the real dirty pulse, otherwise, it may not be “Yang Sheng Yin exhaustion of the fierce image. This shows that the main disease of the two Hung and thin veins cannot be generalized. It must be combined with both pulse and clinical manifestations for comprehensive analysis. The ancient medical practitioners identified the false and real pulse as a common pulse, which is an aspect of the comprehensive analysis of the Hong pulse and its nature of the main disease. Therefore, on the basis of the flooded pulse, one should further identify the deficiency and reality and not assume that all flooded pulses are dominated by real evidence. The method of analysis of the pulse and its main disease in the “Treatise on Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases” is a method well worth advocating. Its method is the pulse, disease, symptoms, treatment together, integrated together, pulse diagnosis and diagnosis of symptoms and evidence closely integrated, comprehensive analysis, and pulse diagnosis flexible and mobile for diagnosis and treatment practice. This is the most important method to reflect the diagnostic role of pulse diagnosis. 4.Identify and analyze the degree of fluency of the pulse Slippery and astringent pulse is the pulse that reflects the degree of fluency of the pulse. The degree of fluency of the pulse is divided into three categories: one is the normal degree of fluency. The second is more fluent than normal, that is, the slippery pulse. Third, the degree of fluency is less than normal, that is, the astringent pulse. Among them, the normal degree of fluency is a necessary condition for a normal pulse. The slippery and astringent pulse, on the other hand, is a change in the degree of fluency of the pulse. Therefore, according to the comprehensive performance of the normal pulse, the normal fluency of the pulse shape can be experienced to identify the slippery and astringent pulse to accumulate experience and provide a basis. The identification of the slippery and astringent two veins is difficult to master. This is because the degree of fluency of the pulse is judged according to the multifaceted changes in the pulse. However, the purpose is not to diagnose other changes in the pulse, but to specifically address the fluency of the pulse. Therefore, it is more difficult to identify the two slippery and astringent veins. The key technique is to press the finger on the ridge of the pulse at the mouth of the inch and carefully observe the fluency of the blood flowing in the pulse, and then, in combination with other changes, to experience it. If the blood in the vein runs smoothly and more fluently than normal, then it is a slippery vein. If it is difficult to run and less fluent than normal, it is an astringent pulse. There is no specific indicator of the degree of fluency of the pulse, but it is only difficult to experience repeatedly according to the comprehensive performance of the normal pulse, therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the basic practice and accumulate more experience in diagnosing the degree of fluency of the normal pulse in order to accurately identify the slippery and astringent pulse. Analysis of the slippery and astringent veins, it is generally believed that the slippery and astringent veins are relative and opposite in nature. However, its main disease evidence and diagnostic significance, can not stick to the “relative” or “opposite” form. Some pulse books used to use the “relative” or “opposite” form to discuss the pulse and its main disease, in fact, this approach is convenient to distinguish the shape and nature of the pulse, but can not accurately express the diagnostic significance of the pulse. And, if you stick to this form, it makes the flexible pulse method become dull and rigid, not conducive to play an important role in pulse diagnosis. For example, the main disease of the slippery pulse is mostly real evil for the patient, but the main disease of the astringent pulse is deficient and real, not because the slippery pulse is “real” and think that the astringent pulse must be “deficient”. Moreover, the main disease of the slippery pulse may not always be the main real evidence. Therefore, the analysis of the main disease evidence of the slippery and astringent veins must be analyzed according to the fluency of the pulse, not a generalization. 5, the identification and analysis of the chordal pulse The chordal pulse is a pulse that reflects the tension of the pulse body, which is in essence the increased tension of the pulse body. If the tension of the pulse at the mouth of the inch is normal, it is generally considered to be “slightly chordal”, which is a pulse with gastric energy, and its specific manifestation is a chordal pulse with the image of “and slow”. String pulse is not always the main disease, there is a difference between the main “flat”, the main “disease”, the main “death”, mainly depends on the amount of stomach qi, according to the string pulse It can be distinguished by the degree of “harmony” of the string pulse. The Chord of “sickness” is the Chord of “little Stomach Qi”. The chordal pulse that is “dead” indicates that the stomach qi has been extinguished, and is the degree of the “true dirty pulse”, so it is the main cause of death. The method of identifying the string pulse is: first touch the pulse body, and then press the pulse body, the finger feeling characteristic is “pressed like a bowstring”, if the finger is lifted, the pulse body does not rise with the hand. This is a manifestation of the increased tension of the pulse body. The occurrence of the chordal pulse is very high, and there are many records of the chordal pulse and its main diseases in pulse books throughout the ages. It is generally believed that there are physiological and pathological chordal veins. The physiological chordal pulse is the seasonal pulse of the liver pulse corresponding to spring. The pathological chordal pulse is mostly caused by abnormal drainage, poor qi flow and loss of harmony between qi and blood. Its main diseases are mostly liver and gallbladder disorders or cold, pain, phlegm, qi stagnation, qi stagnation, blood stasis, Y obstruction, hernia pain and constriction. In addition to some common diseases, branch drink, hanging drink, fetish disease, plague and fever, etc., are all evidence of the “main” of the string pulse. The “Pulse Classic” says: “The malaria pulse is stringy”. The “pulse study exposition” says: “hepatitis disease pulse is mostly string”. This shows that the analysis of the ancient physicians on the chordal pulse and its main disease, more closely combined with common diseases or multiple diseases, always constantly converge new knowledge, gradually accumulate experience, not stuck to the form of “pulse and disease on the number”. 6, tight, slow two pulse identification and analysis tight pulse and slow pulse nature is the opposite. The essence of the tight pulse is the pulse body “tension” or “constricted”, the essence of the slow pulse is the pulse body “relaxed” or “slow vertical “. These two kinds of pulse are diseased pulse, there is no “normal pulse” that. The identification method is: tight pulse body “tension” or “constricted”, pressed with “around popping hands” or “like cutting rope-like “The finger feeling characteristics. Slow pulse body “relaxed” or “slow longitudinal”, pressed with the pulse body “tension” or “elasticity” low finger sense. Characteristics. Slow pulse should be distinguished from the late pulse. The “pulse” is afraid that later people will be late pulse and slow pulse confused, its preamble especially made a note: “slow for late, it is in danger immediately.” This is a reminder of future generations, the “slow pulse” and “late pulse”, must be strictly distinguished. Otherwise, it will be misdiagnosed and mistreated, and even cause serious consequences. The fundamental difference between the two is: late pulse diagnosis to the number of changes, slow pulse diagnosis of the pulse body “relaxed” or “slow longitudinal” degree. Must not be confused. The tight pulse should be distinguished from the string pulse. The difference is: the tight pulse is only an increase in tension of the pulse body, pressing it like a bowstring. Tight pulse is the pulse body “tension” or “restrained”, and there is “around the hand” or “like cutting rope” of the Finger feeling characteristics. These two types of pulse are different in the same, in the shape and degree of the pulse have certain differences. Therefore, the chordal pulse has the difference between the normal pulse and the sick pulse, and the tight pulse is the sick pulse. Some pulse books misunderstand the pulse shape norms and practical significance of the slow pulse, so the analysis of the tight or slow pulse is somewhat inappropriate. For example, the “diagnosis of the home is the eye” says: “slow for the stomach pulse, not the main in the disease, take its concurrently see the party can be concluded.” In fact, this is a misunderstanding of the concept of “slow pulse” and “pulse to and slow”. In fact, the “pulse to and slow” is the stomach pulse. The “slow pulse” is not a slow pulse, and these are two concepts that should not be confused. Therefore, it is not correct to say that the slow pulse “does not dominate the disease”, and it is also not correct to say that “to take its concurrent prescriptions to determine the evidence”. For example, the second article of the Treatise on Typhoid says: “Sun disease, fever and sweating, the slow pulse of evil wind is called stroke.” This is an example of the identification of the slow pulse alone. This shows that the slow pulse can also determine the evidence without combining with the parthenogenic pulse. This shows that the Treatise on Typhoid did not misunderstand the pulse shape specification and practical significance of the slow pulse. For example, the third article of the treatise on typhoid says: “Sun disease, or with fever, or without fever, must be vicious cold, body pain, vomiting and rebellion, the pulse of both yin and yang tight, is called typhoid.” This article corresponds to the second article, indicating that the tight pulse is the opposite of the slow pulse. Therefore, the misinterpretation of the slow pulse should be clarified, and the slow pulse should not be considered a manifestation of the normal pulse. 7, the identification and analysis of the long and short pulse The identification of the long and short pulse is very simple. According to the operation specification of “holding the pulse light and heavy method”, if the pulse at the inch and ulnar ends is too long, it is a long pulse. If the two ends of the inch and the ruler are less than the home position, it is a short pulse. The long pulse is generally a sign of a strong physique. The short pulse is not always the pulse of the main disease, although it is not expected by the non-pulse. If the short pulse is short and there is no other discomfort, it may not be treated as a diseased pulse. It is generally believed that the long pulse of the main disease is mostly actual evidence, and the short pulse of the main disease is mostly deficiency evidence. In fact, this is the general rule. For example, the short pulse, the main disease is not always deficiency evidence, clinical diagnosis, due to qi depression, qi stagnation, qi reversal, qi mechanism is not smooth and short pulse is not uncommon. Therefore, the identification and analysis of the long and short pulse and its main disease, not only according to the general rule, and not formalized. 8, the identification and analysis of scattered veins scattered veins have physiological scattered veins and pathological scattered veins. The physiological scattered pulse is a pulse body “large” and objectively manifests the image of “scattered”, but the pulse body is round and convergent, and there is no other discomfort. The shape of the pathologically scattered pulse is: the pulse body is not round and convergent, excessively diffuse or excessively broad in shape, and even the boundary between the pulse and the surrounding tissue is blurred. The main difference between physiologic and pathologic scattered veins is the difference in degree. Therefore, the identification and analysis of scattered veins is mainly based on the degree of scattered veins. In recent times, the application of scattered veins has become less and less frequent. The reason for this is that recent pulse books have not understood the pulse shape norms and practical significance of the scattered veins. Therefore, the recent pulse book on the analysis of the loose pulse and its main disease is really inappropriate. In the recent pulse book, the loose pulse is the pulse of “floating and scattered without root”. This is actually only a degree of loose pulse, which can only be seen in critical illness evidence. In fact, the loose pulse is not always this degree. As one of the commonly used pulse, the scattered pulse does not have “floating and scattered without root” as a necessary condition, and it is not only seen in critical illnesses. It can be both a sick pulse and a normal pulse, and sometimes it is a good sign that the disease is healing. For example, the “Suwen pulse to the essence of the theory” said: “heart pulse beat and long, when the disease tongue roll can not speak, its soft and scattered, when the ring has been eliminated. The lung pulse beats firm and long, when the disease spits blood, its soft and dispersed, when the disease instills sweat, until the cause does not emanate again also. The liver pulse is firm and long, not green in color, when the disease is fallen if the pulse, because the blood in the hypochondrium, people wheezing rebellion, its soft and scattered color when the disease overflowing drink, overflowing drinker thirsty stormy drink easily into the muscle skin outside the stomach. The stomach pulse is firm and long, its color is red, when the disease is folded thigh, its soft and scattered, when the disease is food paralysis. The spleen pulse is firm and long, its color is yellow, when the disease is less qi, its soft and scattered color is not lustrous, when the disease is foot () swelling, like water. Kidney pulse firm and long, its color yellow and red, when the disease folded waist, its soft and scattered, when the disease less blood, so far does not return also.” The so-called soft and scattered, that is, the pulse shape of the scattered pulse. Obviously, the main disease has a light and heavy, but also can be a manifestation of the disease towards healing. The so-called “elimination ring has been”, that is, the disease to heal. This shows that the scattered pulse cannot be considered as a pulse that is only seen in critical illnesses. 9.The identification and analysis of the hollow pulse The hollow pulse is a special pulse form. It combines various conditions such as “floating, large, soft, hollow in the center and solid on both sides”, with “hollow and soft in the center and solid on both sides” as its basic characteristic. In essence, it is a change in the shape of the pulse due to massive depletion of fluid and blood, insufficient blood volume in the vasculature, and incongruity between the contraction of the vasculature and the amount of blood loss. Therefore, in clinical practice, the occurrence of the hollow pulse is not high, and it is often a transient pulse. If the hollow pulse is seen in chronic disease, it indicates that its own regulatory function is extremely poor. The history of pulse diagnosis shows that the basic characteristic of the hollow pulse is “empty in the center and solid on both sides”, which is basically uncontroversial. Therefore, the identification and analysis of the hollow pulse is relatively consistent. For example, the presence of the hollow pulse in a person who has lost blood indicates that the vasoconstriction is not in harmony with the amount of blood loss. If the blood loss is excessive, the blood vessels are “empty” and should contract accordingly. If the body has good regulation of blood loss, then the vasoconstriction is compatible with the amount of bleeding. If there is a delay in the adaptive vasoconstriction, indicating that the blood loss regulatory function has been poor. This is a method used by ancient physicians to analyze the pulse to reflect the functional state of the body. This method of analysis has a very important significance in the practice of diagnosis and treatment. In the practice of diagnosis and treatment, special attention should be paid to the analysis of the functional state of the body according to the changes in the pulse, which is one of the important roles of pulse diagnosis that should not be ignored. 10, the identification and analysis of the deficiency and reality of the two veins deficiency and reality of the two veins to the pulse body “large” as a prerequisite. The actual significance of these two pulse signs is to discriminate between reality and deficiency on the basis of the pulse body “large”. If the pulse body is not “large”, it does not have the composition of the virtual and real pulse conditions. It is generally believed that the pulse body “large” main real, the pulse body “fine” main deficiency. In fact, this is the general rule. Pulse body “large” is not always the main real, must be further identified and analyzed. The two veins of deficiency and reality are for this situation. The identification method is: on the basis of the pulse body “large”, if both “late, empty, soft” and other conditions, then it is a deficiency pulse, the main deficiency evidence. If the pulse is “large and long” and also “slightly strong”, then it is a real pulse, which is the main evidence of reality. In addition to the normal pulse, there are only two types of pulse that can be touched in the diagnosis and treatment practice, namely, flood and fine. “Hong” represents a category greater than normal, “fine” represents a category less than normal. Therefore, on the basis of the pulse body “large” to identify the deficiency, is a very important aspect. This is the purpose of the ancient medical practitioners who reformed the false and real pulse and included it as a common pulse. The history of the development of pulse diagnosis can illustrate this point. Since the two veins of deficiency and reality are the two pulses of each other, their nature is very clear, so the analysis of the nature of the main disease of the two veins of deficiency and reality is relatively simple, where the deficiency pulse is deficiency evidence, where the real pulse is real evidence. 11, micro, moist, weak three kinds of pulse identification and analysis micro, moist, weak three kinds of pulse, to pulse body “fine and soft” as a prerequisite. Among them, the micro pulse is not combined with other conditions. The moist pulse is also “floating”. Weak pulse and “sinking”. These three types of pulse have differences in the same, should be distinguished. If the pulse body is not “fine and soft”, it does not have the basic conditions for the formation of these three pulse images. Because the recent pulse book misunderstood the pulse shape specification and practical significance of the micro pulse, mistakenly believe that the micro pulse can only be seen in critical illness. Therefore, it affects the identification and analysis of the above three types of pulse. In fact, from the pulse shape specification and practical significance, the micro pulse has an allowable range of variation and can have different degrees. Therefore, the micro pulse is not always the pulse seen in critical illnesses. The moist pulse and the weak pulse both contain the constitutive condition of the micro pulse, that is, the pulse body is “thin and soft”. On the basis of the pulse body “fine and soft”, if it is also “floating”, it is a moist pulse; if it is also “sinking”, it is a weak pulse. This shows that these three pulse signs are not only seen in critical illnesses. Therefore, the analysis of these three types of pulse and their main disease evidence should be based on the actual degree of manifestation, not a generalization. However, in general, these three pulse signs reflect the patient’s poor physical condition, insufficient qi and blood, and mostly deficiency or actual evidence in deficiency. 12, identification and analysis of arteries The identification of arteries is generally based on the pulse shape recorded in ancient literature, “the right number”, the right is the artery, not the right is not an artery. This method of identification is too mechanical and rigid. As a result, few people have seen arteries. The reason for this is that the pulse shape of the artery is not clear norms and practical significance. The actual meaning of the arteries is buried because the classic literature on pulse diagnosis is difficult to understand. The actual significance of the arteries can be unearthed again based on the classical literature such as the “Treatise on Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases” and the “Pulse Classic”. It has been confirmed that the artery is a pulse form in non-sinus rhythm. Therefore, the identification of the artery should be combined with the characteristics of the pulse form of non-sinus rhythm, not according to the ancient literature of the pulse form “to the seat”, the identification method can be flexible. For example, the “Pulse Classic” says: “Artery, seen in the upper Guan, no head and tail, as large as a bean, syncope and shaking.” The “Pulse Classic” also says: “The left hand inch mouth pulse deviates, at first large and at first small uneven, from the inch mouth to the guan, from the guan to the ruler, the three parts of the position, everywhere shaking different.” This shows that the ancient physicians also did not identify the arteries according to one method. As long as it is clear that the arteries are non-sinus rhythm pulse shape, identifying arteries is not difficult and not uncommon in clinical practice. The analysis of the main disease of the artery must be combined with the substance of the artery, if only according to the shape of the pulse, often too far from the subject. 13, the identification and analysis of the knotted pulse The identification method of the knotted pulse is very simple, where the pulse has “intermittent” that is the knotted pulse. It should be noted that if the pulse “number” and sometimes “intermittent”, for the promotion of the pulse. This is a pulse that is differentiated from the “knotted pulse”, which has been determined as a special pulse name because it has another diagnostic significance. Therefore, it is possible to distinguish the junctional pulse from the prodromal pulse. The junctional pulse mainly reflects arrhythmia, which is equivalent to sinus arrest in modern medicine. In addition to reflecting the arrhythmia, the accelerated pulse can reflect the cold and heat properties of the disease and is important for identifying the cold and heat of the “syncope” evidence. The analysis of the two pulses and their main symptoms should not only consider the arrhythmia, but also reflect the characteristic theories of Chinese medicine. This is because Chinese medicine has a unique way of understanding the changes in the pulse of cardiac arrhythmia. For example, the prolonged pulse is the appearance of a stop on the basis of the number of pulses, but Chinese medicine believes that this is the pathological mechanism of “Yang Sheng and Yin” or “heat injures Yin”. This is the understanding guided by the theory of Chinese medicine. 14.Identify and analyze the change of pulse The generation of pulse reflects the change of pulse, which has an important role in identifying whether the change of pulse is the main disease and the development of disease. However, recent pulse books have misunderstood the actual meaning of the substitution pulse, mistaking the substitution pulse as the pulse that “comes to a stop, stops with a fixed number, and comes back after a long time”, therefore, some pulse books have gone too far from the topic of identification and analysis of the substitution pulse and its main disease. Based on the classical literature of pulse diagnosis, the actual meaning of the substitute pulse can be unearthed again. It has been confirmed that the substitution of the pulse mainly reflects the change of the pulse, which is an important aspect of the diagnosis and analysis of the pulse. For example, according to the rule that the pulse changes with the “four seasons”, the pulse of spring should show a string image. If the pulse is not stringy in spring, it means that the pulse is not normal in its generation, which is important for analyzing whether the pulse is the main disease. According to this method, it is possible to identify whether the pulse of the four seasons of the year corresponds to the “four seasons” and whether it is the main disease. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis can be performed according to the theory of the five elements, in order to identify the intrinsic connection between the pulse and the disease. For example, if a woman is pregnant in the third trimester, her pulse should be slippery. If the pulse is not slippery but astringent in the third trimester of pregnancy, it means that the pulse is not normal in its generation and the fetal element is not nourished. These examples show that the identification and analysis of the pulse generation has a very important diagnostic significance. Therefore, the substitution of the pulse should not be considered as a pulse with intermittent intervals, which would contradict the actual meaning of the substitution of the pulse. 15.Identify and analyze the change and transformation of the pulse In the course of disease, the pulse changes or transforms, from one pulse to another, which the ancient doctors called “revolutionary pulse”. The change of pulse has certain rules, and the change and transformation of the pulse in the course of disease also has certain rules, and the pulse of the generation and the pulse of the leather respectively according to the laws of these two aspects of the pulse to identify and analyze, which is the difference between the pulse of the leather and the pulse of the generation. Ancient doctors diagnosed the pulse, both the change of the pulse and the change and transformation of the pulse in the course of the disease in accordance with the law, which is very important for the analysis of the pathological mechanism. The more experience one has, the more obvious is the importance of these two types of pulse. However, the practical significance of both pulse signs is buried due to the difficulty of understanding the expression of the Pulse Classic. According to the test, the recent pulse books have lost the original flexibility of the present method of pulse diagnosis due to the burial of the practical significance of the substitution pulse and the Ge pulse. And, the full diagnostic role of the pulse diagnosis has caused a very negative impact. Therefore, the current method of pulse diagnosis, if compared with the classical literature of pulse diagnosis method, really inferior. From the classical literature of pulse diagnosis, the pulse diagnosis method pioneered by ancient physicians was not only very practical but also flexible, but after the Pulse Classic, pulse diagnosis changed and lost its original flexibility and mobility. Now it is found that the main reason for this is that the expressions of the classical literature of pulse diagnosis are difficult to understand, the practical meaning of some pulse names is buried, and the practical techniques of pulse diagnosis are not all passed down. Among them, the Ge pulse and the generation pulse, both of which do not refer exclusively to a particular form of the pulse, represent two important methods for the identification and analysis of pulse changes. The substitute pulse is identified and analyzed according to the physiological pattern of pulse changes, while the leather pulse is identified and analyzed according to the pathological pattern of pulse changes. Therefore, these two types of pulse have the most flexible and mobile clinical applications, which can be used to diagnose whether the pulse is the main disease, as well as to analyze the intrinsic connection between the pulse and the disease, and also to diagnose the developmental changes and prognostic regression of the disease. For example, the “Pulse Classic” says: “The three parts of the pulse ge, the death of a long illness and the birth of a stroke.” There is no doubt that this refers specifically to the changes and transformations of the pulse in the course of a disease. It means that if the pulse changes and transforms after the disease, it shows that the body’s ability to adapt or regulate function is still possible, this is the performance of the pulse has vitality, so it is said that “after the disease to get the life”. If the disease time is long before its pulse changes and transformation, indicating that the body’s adaptive capacity or regulatory function is very poor, this is the performance of the pulse without vitality, it is said that “the long disease to get the death”. For example, the amount of blood loss of patients, the pulse when the sink fine, which is in line with the law of development. If not transformed into a sunken thin pulse, it is not in line with the law, indicating that the loss of blood regulating function is too poor, is the performance of the pulse without vitality. For example, the magpie said: “If the disease is vomiting blood and epistaxis, the pulse should be sunken and fine, but the opposite floating dajun death.” The so-called “jail”, which is the opposite of “Ge”, means that the pulse does not change or transform. If the floating pulse does not change to a sunken pulse, it indicates that the blood loss is too poorly regulated and therefore the main cause of death. The so-called “floating large prison”, is the floating large pulse does not change or transform, rather than floating large pulse and prison pulse together. From the pulse diagnosis classical literature on the leather pulse and the prison pulse, if the pulse with the development of the disease pattern and the corresponding change or transformation, then the leather pulse. If the corresponding change or transformation does not occur, it is the prison pulse. This indicates that in the practice of diagnosis and treatment, it is of great importance to examine the change and transformation of the pulse according to the law of disease development. And, the development of the disease has a certain pattern, the pulse change must have a certain pattern, if the pulse change is not in line with the development of the disease, then need to further identify and analyze. This is very important for clinical identification and should never be ignored. The above shows that the ancient doctors screened the development of the twenty-six common pulse, each pulse has a certain relevance, its diagnostic significance are very important. However, because the twenty-six pulse signs were buried or misunderstood in part, it affects the method of identification of the pulse signs, and also the analysis of the pulse signs and their main diseases. Therefore, one should master the method of identification and analysis of each of the twenty-six commonly used pulse signs according to their pulse shape norms and practical significance, which is the basis for the identification and analysis of complex pulse signs.