At present, the incidence of infertility in China is about 7-10%, which means that a considerable number of families cannot have their own children successfully, thus affecting the happiness of families and the stability of society. What is infertility? Both the general public and some medical personnel do not know much about it, which makes the standardized diagnosis and treatment of infertility quite difficult. First of all, let us clarify that infertility can be called infertility only when a woman has had sex without contraception for at least 12 months without pregnancy, and in men it is called infertility. We often say that pregnancy is a matter of trying. A certain frequency and duration of contraceptive-free sex is the basic element of pregnancy, generally two to three times a week is appropriate, so that regular sperm, semen quality is more stable, such a frequency is not easy to miss ovulation. This is especially important for couples who are separated from each other. In our clinical work, we sometimes encounter couples who are busy at work and think they can get pregnant after having intercourse only once during the ovulation period for the sake of fertility; it is not uncommon to see patients who are still virgins after marriage, so it is necessary to ask about their sex life, and if some patients have problems with their sex life, some of them can get pregnant through the guidance of medical staff. Ovulation usually occurs 14 days before the onset of menstruation, and this phase is the most fertile and requires an appropriate increase in sexual intercourse. Primary infertility refers to those who have never conceived; if there is a history of pregnancy and for various reasons, cohabitation for one year without contraception does not result in pregnancy, we call it secondary infertility. The distinction between primary and secondary infertility allows us to focus on the selection of the relevant tests. For example, in a patient with primary infertility, the male partner’s semen may be the main factor, while a patient with secondary infertility may have a greater chance of infertility secondary to blocked fallopian tubes, so patients with secondary infertility must have a tubal examination. Finding the cause of infertility is the key to diagnosis. The causes of infertility are broadly divided into female factors, male factors, mutual factors and unknown factors, of which, female factors account for 40%, male factors 30%-40%, mutual factors account for about 10%-20%, and unknown causes account for about 10%, which shows that the proportion of male infertility is still relatively high. Many female patients refuse to let the male partner check their semen, thinking that infertility is the problem of the female partner, but in fact, semen examination of the male partner is very necessary. The distribution of female infertility factors is mainly concentrated in four areas, firstly, tubal factors account for 50%, ovulation disorders 30%, and uterine and cervical factors, each accounting for 10%. In most people’s minds, infertility is only a woman’s problem, but in fact, in recent years, the incidence of male infertility is also increasing year by year, basically the same as the female factor, reaching 30%-40%. Unexplained infertility belongs to the category of infertility factors that may be present in both men and women, a state of low fertility, with possible causes including immune factors, underlying oocyte quality abnormalities, and fertilization disorders that cannot be diagnosed with current testing methods. Therefore, in order to diagnose the disease clearly and treat it particularly well, it is necessary to have a more comprehensive and systematic examination, to get a correct diagnosis on this basis, and to adopt some reasonable scientific treatment plan according to a correct diagnosis.