Some milder cases of essential hypertension can be brought down through dietary control and lifestyle modification, but the following cases require the use of antihypertensive drugs: patients with hypertension grade 2 or higher; patients with hypertension combined with diabetes, or those with existing heart, brain, or kidney target organ damage or complications; and those with persistently elevated blood pressure that has not been effectively controlled after lifestyle improvement. For a patient with hypertension, whether or not to take medication should be preceded by determining the cause of the hypertension, as well as the blood pressure level and risk stratification for hypertension. Therapeutic lifestyle interventions are indicated for all patients with hypertension, such as weight loss, reduction of sodium intake, potassium supplementation, reduction of fat intake, smoking and alcohol cessation, increased exercise, reduction of mental stress and supplementation with folic acid preparations if necessary. If the blood pressure is still persistently elevated, further examination should be conducted to determine the cause of hypertension, especially to pay attention to secondary hypertension, secondary hypertension is a very serious danger to the human body, and the diseases that cause secondary hypertension, some are more critical diseases, so we should pay great attention to. Primary hypertension and long-term, to pay attention to the complications of hypertension, more stubborn primary hypertension, to rely on drugs to control blood pressure, so to take drugs, in taking drugs should master the basic principles: small doses, preferential selection of long-acting agents, combined drugs, individualized.