I. Prevention
Daily prevention of epilepsy
The prevention of epilepsy is very important. The prevention of epilepsy not only involves the medical field, but also relates to the whole society. Prevention of epilepsy should focus on three levels: first, to prevent the occurrence of epilepsy by focusing on the cause; second, to control seizures; and third, to reduce the adverse physical, psychological and social effects of epilepsy on patients.
1, prevention of epilepsy
Pay attention to eugenics and prohibit inbred marriages. During the first trimester, be sure to stay away from radiation and avoid viral and bacterial infections. Regular pregnancy tests, avoid fetal hypoxia, asphyxia and birth injuries during delivery. In case of pediatric fever, the child should be seen promptly to avoid high fever convulsions and damage to brain tissue. The child should also be watched to avoid head trauma.
Genetic factors make some children susceptible to convulsions and produce seizures prompted by various environmental factors. In this regard, special emphasis should be placed on the importance of genetic counseling. A detailed family survey should be conducted to find out whether seizures and their characteristics are present in both parents, siblings and close relatives of the patient.
For secondary epilepsy, the specific cause should be prevented, and prenatal attention should be paid to maternal health to reduce infections, nutritional deficiencies and diseases of various systems so that the fetus is less adversely affected. The prevention of birth accidents, neonatal birth injuries is one of the important causes of epilepsy, avoiding birth injuries is important to prevent epilepsy. If we can regularly examine pregnant women, implement new methods of delivery, and handle difficult deliveries in a timely manner, we can avoid or reduce neonatal birth injuries. We should pay enough attention to febrile convulsions in infancy, try to avoid convulsions, and control them with drugs immediately. Various diseases of the pediatric central nervous system should be actively prevented and treated in a timely manner to reduce sequelae.
2. Seizure control
It is mainly to avoid the triggering factors of epilepsy and to carry out comprehensive treatment to control the seizures. Statistics show that patients have a recurrence rate of 27%-82% after the first seizure, and it seems that most patients will have a recurrence after a single seizure, so it is especially important to prevent the recurrence of epileptic symptoms.
Patients with epilepsy should be diagnosed promptly and treated early. The earlier the treatment, the less brain damage, the fewer recurrences, and the better the prognosis. The most important thing is to make sure that the patient has the right medication, the right dosage adjustment, the right individual treatment, the right course of treatment, the right discontinuation process, and the right medication. The patient should not be given drugs indiscriminately or without standardized medication. Removal or alleviation of the primary cause of epilepsy, such as intracranial occupational diseases, metabolic abnormalities, and infections, is also important in cases of recurrent seizures.
3, reduce the sequelae of epilepsy
Epilepsy is a chronic disease that can extend for years or even decades, thus causing serious adverse effects on patients’ physical, mental, marital, and socioeconomic status. In particular, the deep-rooted social prejudice and discriminatory attitudes of the public, the misfortunes and frustrations in family relationships, schooling and employment, and the restrictions on cultural and physical activities can not only cause stigma and pessimism, but also seriously affect the physical and psychological development of the patient, and can plague the patient’s family, teachers, doctors and nurses, and even society itself. Therefore, many scholars especially emphasize that the prevention of social sequelae of epilepsy is as important as the prevention of the disease itself, and the sequelae of epilepsy are both for the patient’s organism and for the whole society, which requires the community to give understanding and support to epilepsy patients to minimize the social sequelae of epilepsy.
II. Health education
1. Psychological guidance
Epilepsy is a chronic disease with recurrent seizures, so patients often have anxiety and low self-esteem. Nurses should patiently explain the condition, encourage patients to maintain optimism, eliminate tension, fear and other disturbing factors, build confidence and develop good habits.
2. Dietary guidance
Diet should be regular, eat on time at each meal, avoid hunger and overeating. For patients with tonic-spastic seizures, do not drink too much water at one time to avoid triggering. Eat light, easily digestible, nutritious food, more vegetables and fruits, avoid spicy and stimulating food, quit smoking and alcohol.
3.Rest and activity guidance
Those with seizure control, symptom relief and no mental abnormality can have appropriate activities and work. For those who have more frequent seizures, they should restrict their activities indoors, rest in bed if necessary and add guardrails to prevent bruises.
III. Diet
1, certain minerals are helpful to some patients, magnesium (present in large quantities in whole wheat flour, millet, figs, meat, fish, nuts and beans); zinc (present in meat, livestock offal, malt, nuts, crab, oysters and lentils) and calcium (calcium food) (mainly present in milk and dairy products) in helping some people to prevent convulsions.
2, mixed salad and raw fruit (fruit food) can reduce the number and extent of attacks.
3, should eat home-cooked meals, and food should be diverse, rice, pasta, fatty meat, lean meat, eggs, milk, fruit (fruit food), vegetables (vegetable food), fish, shrimp, etc. should be eaten.
4, epilepsy in the beginning is mostly real evidence, the body is strong, or is wind and phlegm congestion, the diet should be light and nutritious, eat more rice, noodles, vegetables.
If you are weak or have a weak constitution, you should eat foods that nourish the liver and kidneys, strengthen the spleen and help the blood and vital energy. Can eat more lean pork, pig heart, pig liver, animal brain, cinnamon meat, lotus seeds, wolfberry, etc.
6, can eat more laxative food (such as honey, bananas, walnuts, almonds, spinach, etc.) to keep the bowels open.