Most people are not aware of malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and sinuses, but in fact, they are not uncommon in clinical practice. Due to the deep and hidden location, the early symptoms are often not obvious, and many patients are in advanced stage when they visit the clinic. According to foreign statistics, this disease accounts for about 0.2% to 0.8% of systemic malignant tumors. Since it is not easy to detect and perceive in early stage, it is necessary to know some general knowledge about this disease, then we will know this disease from the following issues. A. Who are prone to nasal sinus malignancy? This disease is more common in men, the ratio of men to women is about 1.2 to 3.0:1. The preferred age is between 50 and 70 years old, and sarcoma patients are mostly under 40 years old. It occurs most frequently in the maxillary sinus, accounting for more than 75% of cases, followed by the nasal cavity. Among the malignant tumors, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common, accounting for about 35% to 66%, in addition to adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma, lymphoepithelial carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and lymphosarcoma. The high-risk groups for this disease are as follows: immunocompromised, chronic purulent sinusitis, caseous sinusitis, exposure to carcinogenic substances (long-term inhalation of certain irritating or chemical substances), radioactive substances, benign tumors and lesions of nose and sinuses, viral infections, etc. What are the common symptoms of malignant tumor of nasal cavity and sinuses? Patients often have nasal congestion, purulent or bloody nasal discharge, nasal and facial pain, secondary paranasal sinusitis, compression of nasolacrimal duct, causing lacrimation or dacryocystitis. In advanced stages, it may invade the orbit and displace the eye, or invade the skull base and produce cranial nerve symptoms. The following are the common symptoms of maxillary sinus cancer: early symptoms of maxillary sinus cancer are not obvious, including swelling of face, toothache, nasal congestion, swelling of gums and palate, protruding eyes, numbness or pain of face, tearing and migraine. As the disease progresses, there will be nose bleeding, inability to open the mouth, loose or lost teeth, numbness of the skin under the orbit. In advanced stage, the tumor may destroy the eye, with inflexible eye movement, loss of vision and hearing loss. Local extension upward may cause protrusion and displacement of the eyeball and difficulty in opening the mouth backward, while downward may compress the nerve and cause toothache and headache. In late stage, there are cervical lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (lung, bone, etc.). III. What are the findings of clinical examination? Nasal examination: through anterior and posterior nasal mirror, it can be found that the tumor is cauliflower-shaped or polyp-like, red in color, with wide roots, accompanied by ulceration and necrosis, and bleeds easily when touched. In advanced stage, the tumor will fill up the whole nasal cavity and make the nose bulge and deformation, one side of nasal dorsum bulge significantly, and bilateral nasal tumors can be in the shape of “frog nose”. The development direction of maxillary sinus cancer is to a certain extent related to the primary site. The tumor may destroy the alveolar process and hard palate bone downward, resulting in loosening or loss of teeth, swelling of gums, and semicircular elevation of palate and labial gingival sulcus. The tumor penetrates the anterior wall of maxillary sinus, the cheek bulge is deformed, and a subcutaneous hard mass can be palpated. The tumor invades upward into the orbit, and there may be a bulge at the inferior orbital rim. In advanced stage, the eyeball protrudes, movement is restricted and the bulbar conjunctiva is edematous. The tumor may invade the pterygopalatine fossa or inferior temporal fossa and cause pterygopalatine neuralgia and restricted mouth opening. What are the imaging tests? The common ones are X-ray, CT, MRI, etc. Among them, CT scan is the most valuable for diagnosis. CT scan can understand the scope and nature of the lesion, often malignant tumors can be seen with bone destruction, irregular margins and fast progression. Enhanced CT scan can also understand whether there is lymph node metastasis in the neck. How to confirm the diagnosis of malignant tumor of nasal cavity and sinus? Pathological section is the only way to confirm the diagnosis. Through understanding the patient’s medical history, patient’s symptoms and examination, biopsy should be given to the suspected patients in time. Nasal tumors are easy to take biopsy directly, early maxillary sinus tumors are not easy to take biopsy, now maxillary sinusoscopy can be used to directly observe the lesion in the sinus, and tissue forceps can be extended to directly cut the tissue for examination. Maxillary sinus exploration is the most direct diagnostic method, especially when malignant melanoma is suspected, because biopsy has the risk of promoting the spread of tumor, the exploration surgery for frozen rapid pathological section, after confirming the diagnosis can be promptly treated by maxillary osteotomy. What are the treatment methods for malignant tumor of nasal cavity and sinus? The treatment of nasal cavity and sinus malignant tumor can be broadly divided into six categories, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy, Chinese herbal medicine and other symptomatic treatment. Depending on the patient’s specific situation, they can be applied alone or in combination. At present, we advocate early detection as much as possible and early start of comprehensive treatment after diagnosis, including preoperative small amount of radiotherapy to shrink the tumor; surgery to completely remove the primary foci of the tumor and unilateral or bilateral cervical lymphatic dissection if necessary; and postoperative radiotherapy with sufficient amount to completely destroy the tumor tissue that may remain in the operative cavity. In the whole treatment process, several other therapies can be supplemented. However, since most of these diseases are advanced at the time of consultation, the overall treatment effect is not satisfactory.