Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer in China is increasing year by year and the trend is younger, so how to adopt a more appropriate surgical approach and comprehensive treatment plan has become a research hotspot in breast surgery. Evidence-based data show that there is no significant difference between breast-conserving surgery and total mastectomy in terms of disease-free survival DFS and overall survival OS, except for a slightly higher chance of local recurrence. With the continuous improvement of breast cancer surgical techniques and comprehensive treatment level, it has created opportunities for the promotion of breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer. Breast-conserving surgery should strictly grasp the indications for surgery, and whether the case selection is appropriate or not will directly affect the local recurrence and the cosmetic effect of breast preservation. Breast-conserving surgery; 2) tumor location: tumor located in the peripheral quadrant, tumor margin ≥2 cm from the areola margin; 3) no multifocal or multicentric tumor and no diffuse calcification on preoperative mammography; 4) breast-conserving treatment plan, such as postoperative radiotherapy, can be completed; 5) patients voluntarily and strongly request breast conservation. For patients with large breasts, as long as the local excision is complete and there is no significant impact on breast appearance, breast-conserving surgery can be performed even for tumors larger than 3 cm in diameter; on the contrary, for patients with small breasts, even if the tumor diameter is less than 3 cm, but the impact on breast appearance is greater after breast-conserving surgery, these patients are not suitable for breast-conserving surgery. For some patients with large tumors at the time of initial diagnosis, they are not suitable for breast-conserving treatment, they can undergo preoperative chemotherapy first and then undergo breast-conserving surgery after the tumor shrinks.