Antiepileptic drug selection is based on a combination of the patient’s seizure type, gender, age, physical functional status, time needed for the drug to work, and possible adverse effects of the drug, with the goal of achieving safe and effective seizure control and improving the patient’s quality of life. Sodium valproate has the potential to increase the risk of menstrual disorders, polycystic ovaries, infertility, and also the incidence of fetal malformations; therefore, caution should be exercised for women of childbearing age taking this drug. Hair growth is very common with long-term use of phenytoin sodium, and for adolescent female patients, increased body hair and moustache growth around the lips will be very embarrassing. Long-term use of phenobarbital and clonazepam in childhood can lead to drowsiness, inattention, memory loss, hyperactivity, excitement, aggressive behavior, etc., which have a great impact on the cognitive function of children, and the above drugs should not be used long-term in childhood epilepsy patients. Carbamazepine, phenytoin sodium, oxcarbazepine and other hepatic enzyme-inducing drugs may affect the metabolism of androgens in the body and reduce male sexual function. Phenobarbital and Valium may also affect male sexual function through neuroinhibition and cause impotence when taken for a long time. Some drugs can have idiosyncratic reactions, such as skin allergy, decreased white blood cells, decreased platelets, and liver function damage. The vast majority of antiepileptic drugs have the potential to cause leukocyte drop, with a high incidence of carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and phenytoin sodium. In addition carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin sodium, oxcarbazepine, and lamotrigine can cause a possible rash.