How can I understand the characteristics of symptoms in patients with very low weight anorexia nervosa?

  Recently, I went to the emergency room of a general hospital to consult a patient with anorexia nervosa: an 18-year-old girl with a wasted body shape, lying in bed, 1.62 m tall, and a year and a half of dieting and weight loss, her weight dropped from 50 kg to 25 kg, and her current body mass index is 9.5, which is severe malnutrition. He has been hospitalized twice in the field and even treated with blood transfusion. Recently, he was sent to the detention room because of obvious physical weakness. Considering the patient’s poor health condition, it is recommended to take as much as possible orally if too much fluid transfusion may induce heart failure. The patient could not digest ordinary diet and had to drink nutritional solution, and the dietitian recommended a total of at least 1000 ml per day. however, the patient said he was nauseous and bloated when he ate and could not eat, and the dosage was less than 100 ml per day, so a psychiatrist was asked to assist in the consultation.   Although anorexic patients pursue low weight because they love beauty, the low weight is beyond the patient’s expectation. At this point, the inability to eat is no longer due to psychological refusal to eat, but due to poor physical nutrition, slowed gastrointestinal motility, and digestive difficulties. The patient is actually very afraid and the desire to live is stronger than losing weight at this time. They just don’t know how to deal with the discomfort after eating. When the doctor tells the patient in an affirmative and encouraging tone that the current bloating is due to slow intestinal peristalsis, and that only by constantly increasing the number of meals can the gastrointestinal peristalsis be accelerated, the symptoms of bloating will gradually disappear. Patients can eat small amounts of food several times, but must gradually increase the amount, and can be combined with gastrointestinal motility drugs to reduce the symptoms of indigestion. When the doctor explained the whole process to the patient, the patient expressed willingness to tolerate the temporary discomfort.  However, just as the doctor was encouraging the patient, the mother who was taking care of the patient kept emphasizing that the patient could not eat and was bloated. It felt like the encouragement the doctor gave to the patient was offset by the mother’s words.  Realizing the impact of this mother’s attitude on the patient, I explained this process of talking to the daughter to the mother again, while pointing out that the mother’s excessive focus on somatic discomfort would create negative cues for the daughter and aggravate her fears, and only then did the mother stop her own nagging.  The mother was not aware of anorexia nervosa. Although she had been hospitalized twice before for anorexia nervosa, she thought that it was a digestive system problem and that she might not have found a clear cause. Therefore, she emphasized the patient’s discomfort as a way to remind the doctor to do more targeted examination and treatment.  Through this case, I hope to remind parents of very low weight anorexia patients to learn more about the disease and the evolution of the symptoms, so that they can maintain a stable and calm attitude and give better support and encouragement to low weight patients with poor physical condition and sensitive and nervous emotions.