With the untimely deaths of Yuan Yuan Li and Anita Mui, “cervical cancer” has become the most frightening word for women. Many women started to panic, but also benefited from the health awareness and information. In the past decade, the incidence of cervical cancer has become more youthful, and persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in the reproductive tract is a causative factor in the development of cervical cancer. However, in the face of various cervical cancer detection methods and confusing claims, are you clear about the characteristics of each method and which one is the most suitable for you? ”The term “cervical erosion” has been abandoned in the textbooks of obstetrics and gynecology because it does not reflect the condition and misleads patients to fear. The name in textbooks has been changed to “columnar ectopy”, which is not a pathological change but a physiological change of the cervix. However, due to the long-term habit of becoming natural, there are also many physicians who have not changed their minds and still call it “cervical erosion”. The actual fact is that some medical institutions and commercial advertisements make a big deal about it for economic benefits, making people even more frightened about “cervical erosion”, thinking that it is a precancerous lesion of cervical cancer. “The treatment of cervical erosion depends on the co-infection, the presence or absence of symptoms and the results of cervical cytology (TCT) or combined human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Those with no symptoms, no co-infection, and normal TCT or combined HPV tests do not need treatment. Those with symptoms and co-infection, such as those causing increased leucorrhea, odor, back pain, contact bleeding and affecting the normal quality of life such as conception, should be given medication after TCT or combined HPV test, depending on the situation; or cervical biopsy to exclude cervical precancerous lesions, i.e. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. If CIN1 or above can be treated with physical therapy or surgery. For a long time, some medical institutions have regarded cervicitis and “cervical erosion” as synonymous and have been actively giving various physical treatments such as laser, freezing, microwave, and even cervical loop excision (LEEP) knife for “cervical erosion”, which are wrong. These wrong treatments not only bring physical pain and economic loss to healthy women, but also bring quite serious side effects. Young women who have not yet had children can be at double the risk of “miscarriage or preterm delivery” if they are over-treated with LEEP! Although HPV is the main culprit of cervical cancer, in most cases the body will clear it out on its own. HPV is not as scary as it seems, and there is no need to be overly nervous about it. Only a few of the high-risk HPV types with persistent infection in the genital tract will develop into cervical cancer.