Epilepsy usually requires neurology first. This is because epilepsy is usually treated with medication, which falls under neurology. However, there are some patients with epilepsy whose epilepsy remains uncontrolled even after a combination of medications, and this condition may require treatment in neurosurgery. Epilepsy is caused by abnormal discharges in the cerebral cortex. In neurology, physical examination, standardized EEG, and cranial MRI, CT, blood glucose, blood calcium, and cerebrospinal fluid examination can be performed to clarify the cause, after which a treatment plan can be determined. In general, if the seizures occur 1-2 times per year, they can be temporarily observed without medication. This is because once medication is taken, long-term medication may be required. However, if the seizures occur more than 2 times per year, oral antiepileptic medication is required under the guidance of a physician. For primary idiopathic epilepsy, medication is often required for 1-2 years, or even longer, to control the seizures. For patients with secondary epilepsy, when using medication to control seizures, it is still necessary to maintain medication for 3-5 years, even if the seizures are completely seizure-free. During the period of medication treatment, EEG review should be done regularly in the neurology department, and only after the EEG results are all normal can the medication be gradually withdrawn, reduced, and then discontinued. For refractory epilepsy, especially epilepsy caused by brain injury or tumor, even after treatment with multiple antiepileptic drugs, there is still a possibility of seizures. In this case, it is necessary to consult with neurosurgery, or neurology and surgery to evaluate whether surgical procedures can be performed to remove the epileptic lesion.