If rheumatic diseases are not diagnosed and treated early, it often affects the healing process, and the quality of life of the lesser cases decreases, while the more serious ones become disabled and even lead to death. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases is very important. Signs and symptoms of rheumatic diseases in childhood are often atypical and sometimes non-specific, and are often confused with those of infections, hematological diseases and neoplastic diseases. If you encounter a child with prolonged fever, characteristic rash, joint pain, swelling, impaired mobility, refractory anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, unexplained proteinuria, hematuria and other clinical manifestations, you should be highly alert to the presence of rheumatism in children after excluding hematological, infectious and neoplastic diseases. Further routine blood, urine and stool tests can be done, and a full set of autoantibody tests such as RNA, DNA, DS-DNA, RF, ACL, etc. can also be done. Since the onset of rheumatism is related to infection, genetic and immune factors involved, the most important thing in preventing the onset of rheumatism is to prevent infection, especially in those children with a family history of rheumatism to avoid infection. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen physical exercise, reasonably increase nutrition, pay attention to improve the body’s immune function, reasonably arrange work and rest time, avoid excessive fatigue and cross-infection, and make preventive vaccination on time. Once the above-mentioned symptoms and signs of rheumatism appear, please consult a doctor in time to make early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. If rheumatism in children can be done in three early stages, the prognosis is more optimistic.