Tumor is a common malignant disease with a high death rate, and currently, chemotherapy and other means are mostly used. Due to the long duration of chemotherapy, most of them have to be combined with drugs, and the side effects of the drugs themselves are large, which will cause large physiological and psychological changes in tumor patients. This not only brings great pain to patients’ somatic body, but also has an impact on mental health, resulting in psychological disorders and psychological activities such as fear, irritability, anxiety, suspicion and loneliness. In turn, these psychological disorders affect patients’ quality of life and physical recovery, and may cause deterioration of the disease. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence, development and regression of cancer are closely related to social and psychological factors. Therefore, psychological factors are particularly important in the treatment. Psychological guidance is to give care, support and help to patients with regard to their existing and potential psychological problems, psychological needs and psychological states, using psychological knowledge and techniques to meet patients’ needs, solve their psychological problems, improve patients’ and family members’ adaptability to changes brought about by the disease, and then improve patients’ confidence in treatment and promote their recovery. I. Psychological problems of patients before chemotherapy The common adverse reactions of chemotherapy include bone marrow suppression; gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea; liver and kidney function damage; hemorrhagic cystitis; nerve damage; cardiopulmonary toxicity; in addition to alopecia, hyperpigmentation, allergic reactions and so on. These chemotherapy side effects often cause serious physical damage and heavy mental stress to patients. At present, chemotherapy alone is mostly used for patients with advanced stages that are difficult to operate, and patients lose the opportunity of other anti-tumor treatments and put their hope on chemotherapy. The toxic side effects of chemotherapy and the poor efficacy of chemotherapy will negatively affect the patients’ psychology and various psychological problems will follow. After the completion of preoperative chemotherapy, the more traumatic surgery will follow, and the psychological problems of patients in this period are mostly preoperative psychological problems. Postoperative chemotherapy, on the other hand, because the patient has not yet gotten rid of the blow from the surgery, the patient is still stuck in the perception of the surgery and is not sufficiently prepared for chemotherapy, which will lead to suspicion, fear, depression and anxiety, etc. 1. Irritability The diagnosis of cancer is a big mental blow to patients, they will change their life plan to consider how to cope with the anti-tumor treatment. Patients’ physical and mental torture by the disease, coupled with the unfamiliar environment of the hospital and the side effects of various chemotherapy drugs witnessed by other patients, will make them depressed, with reduced self-control and easy to be irritated. At this time, patients are in great need of support, comfort and companionship from their family members, and more importantly, they want to receive psychiatric treatment and care from medical and nursing staff in order to eliminate irritability and reduce physical and mental pain. At this time, health care workers should explain to them that the side effects of chemotherapy drugs are temporary protective reactions and will not cause permanent damage. Explain to the patient that the current medical development has developed a variety of drugs that can prevent and reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapy, and urge the patient’s family to be more caring and considerate, and work with the patient to fight the disease, so that the patient accepts and completes chemotherapy. Before chemotherapy, we strengthen psychological guidance, implement interventions and establish a good doctor-patient relationship. Gain the patient’s trust and mobilize the patient’s subjective initiative in the treatment process. Patiently introduce the characteristics of the disease, the effects and side effects of chemotherapy drugs to patients. At the same time, mobilize the people around the patient to care for the patient compassionately. You should also approach the patient frequently and answer the patient’s questions clearly, and never say negative words to aggravate the patient’s psychological burden. Use your skillful technique to gain the patient’s trust and seek the patient’s cooperation. 2.Depression and suspicion When patients go to the hospital, in an unfamiliar environment, they do not understand the treatment plan they will face, and they are worried about the side effects after chemotherapy, causing nausea, vomiting, reduced appetite, hair loss, etc.; as well as the impact of the disease itself, some changes in the organism such as irregular menstruation in women and impotence in men, which will have an impact on the patient’s self-confidence, making them feel inferior, disappointed and sullenness, and gradually produce depression and suspicion. The patient is often sensitive to what is going on around him or her, takes his or her condition very seriously, believes that his or her disease is untreatable, and suspects that medical personnel and family members are hiding the disease from him or her. The patient may be depressed and even refuse treatment. In addition to the patient’s family to actively care for cooperation, medical and nursing staff should give sympathy and comfort to the patient and explain patiently and meticulously to ensure that the patient can accept and successfully complete the whole process of chemotherapy. Therefore, medical and nursing staff should contact with patients in a warm and cordial manner to gain patients’ understanding and trust and eliminate patients’ anxiety psychology. 3.Anxiety psychology Most cancer patients think they have little time on earth and have many things to arrange for themselves, and at the same time there are many things that are hard to let go of, such as affection with their children, lovers and parents, as well as work, study and life. Patients do not understand the next treatment makes the anxiety more obvious. Often manifested as a disturbance in the routine of life, eat poorly, sleep poorly, restlessness, restlessness. 4, fear psychology from a healthy person to the role of the patient change, as well as the lack of correct understanding of the disease and a series of reasons, so that patients produce tension, fear psychology. In addition, unfamiliar environment, change of interpersonal relationship, special clinical examination and serious illness can also cause fear psychology. Patients with malignant tumor, especially those with advanced stage, will inevitably face taking drugs, injections and infusions day after day, and they are firstly afraid of pain and worry about the poor injection technique of nurses. Patients with multiple chemotherapy have difficulties in puncture due to phlebitis and venous sclerosis, and their expressions are seen to be tense when giving injections. In view of the above, medical and nursing staff should not only care for and consider patients, but also explain patiently and meticulously to patients and their families, and at the same time, ensure the success of one needle of venipuncture as far as possible to relieve their worries and alleviate their psychological fears, so that they can actively cooperate with treatment and nursing and promote patients’ early recovery. Staff should be targeted psychological guidance and psychological guidance, explain to patients the need for various tests and treatments, explain the advantages and disadvantages between the side effects and the development of the disease without treatment, so that patients weigh the importance, reduce the fear of psychological reaction, and actively cooperate with the examination and treatment. 5, chemotherapy drug dependence psychology patients after a stage of adaptation process, admitted their “patient role”, the mood is calmer, put their hopes on a variety of treatment. Patients become blindly compliant with chemotherapy and simply pursue the dosage of drugs, with less consideration for comprehensive therapy and the overall immune status of the body. Some patients in the oral supplementation difficulties, weakness, low blood count, but also insist on increasing the dose of chemotherapy drugs, resulting in serious complications. 6, anti-drug psychology patients fear that chemotherapy drugs have a great impact on the body, they have difficulty adapting to the pain caused by chemotherapy drugs, as well as a lack of confidence in the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs. As a result of the above psychological reactions, patients show depressed mood, depressed will, loss of confidence in the fight against the disease, this psychological state is extremely detrimental to drug therapy. More and more researches show that mental health can not only effectively prevent cancer, but also facilitate tumor regression. Therefore, when we implement treatment, we should pay attention to the psychological response of patients and give psychological intervention treatment in time. II. Pre-chemotherapy interventions To enable patients to have smooth chemotherapy, it is necessary to create opportunities for many conversations and discussions between doctors and patients. 1. Explain the detailed treatment plan to the patient or family, try to reduce the patient’s anxiety or fear, and increase the compliance of chemotherapy. Doing so will allow the patient to recover more quickly from the psychological trauma suffered when the diagnosis was established and bring hope for a return to health, which will help improve mood. Whether it is chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgical resection, cancer patients always have to endure relatively great mental and physical pain for quite a long time, so doctors must have their high trust and close cooperation in the treatment, and must explain the whole plan and its advantages and disadvantages as well as the treatment measures clearly to patients so that they can be fully prepared psychologically. Patients have a certain ideological preparation for the treatment plan is relatively easy to accept the side effects of the treatment process. 2, establish a good doctor-patient relationship to meet the psychological needs of patients Clinical treatment should be patient-centered, through psychological intervention therapy to make patients in the best physical and mental state to receive treatment. Clearly answer the various questions they ask, positive words can reduce the psychological burden of patients and can make patients actively cooperate with treatment. 3, do a good job in publicity and education. For most patients lack of general knowledge about tumor and chemotherapy before chemotherapy, health knowledge lecture, blackboard or public consultation can be used to publicize general knowledge about tumor and chemotherapy. Encourage patients to maintain optimism, establish confidence in anti-tumor, improve the bad psychological state, and ensure the smooth implementation of chemotherapy. 4. Pay attention to protective medical treatment malignant tumor patients have the right to know, which should be responded flexibly according to the patients’ degree of knowledge about the disease, personality characteristics, psychological tolerance, literacy and the wishes of the patients’ families, neither ignoring the patients’ right to know nor blindly emphasizing the right to know. The true condition of cancer patients should be appropriately kept confidential to avoid their excessive tension and fear. Patients who already know their condition should be given scientific explanation, comfort and encouragement so that they can treat the disease correctly and avoid and reduce the adverse stimulation and the psychology of fear and suspicion. 5. Patients who are negatively disappointed should be analyzed for their reasons To provide good psychological guidance, regulate their spirits and guide their lives, and explain to them the importance of comprehensive cancer treatment. Enhance the effect of treatment with strong will and optimism, and exclude relevant psychological and social factors that are unfavorable to treatment. Patients and their families are introduced to the characteristics of the disease, the effects of chemotherapy drugs and their side effects. We also use the cases of improvement as typical cases to help patients free themselves from the bad psychological state, so that they can be encouraged spiritually and see hope in the treatment. Seize the opportunity to provide psychological guidance to patients and try to eliminate their pessimistic mood. 6.Create a warm atmosphere Mobilize the people around the patient to care for the patient. The subtle changes in the emotions of the loved ones will affect the patient’s mood. If his relatives are caring and considerate, his pessimism will be reduced or even disappear; on the contrary, pessimism will be aggravated, so the mobilization of the patient’s relatives is a key step to reverse the negative psychology of pessimism and despair. 7.Ensure sleep and rest Adequate sleep and sufficient rest have good effect on emotion regulation. The long treatment cycle of tumor patients and the toxic effects caused by chemotherapy directly affect their rest and sleep. Poor sleep and emotional fluctuations follow, even affecting appetite and treatment. 8. Pay attention to the psychological reaction of patients before the 1st chemotherapy Many studies show that patients are most likely to have anxiety and fear during waiting for the 1st chemotherapy, and the degree of which is often much more serious than the actual chemotherapy. Adequate explanation and corresponding psychological treatment should be provided. Psychological problems of patients in chemotherapy Psychological problems of patients during chemotherapy are often related to the dose of chemotherapy, the route of administration of chemotherapy and the toxic side effects caused by chemotherapy. Most patients should receive chemotherapy in sufficient doses throughout the course, which has a positive effect on the efficacy of tumor treatment and can prolong the survival period. However, the decision should be made according to the patient’s own condition, and the patient’s tolerance and compliance should be considered. In addition to suffering from the disease, patients have to endure the toxic side effects of chemotherapy and the life changes caused by chemotherapy. Common toxic side effects include hair loss, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, anorexia, and numbness or pain in the limbs. Patients’ lives are changed during chemotherapy, and they often need to visit the hospital repeatedly, taking into account various factors such as the time of the visit, transportation problems and relationship with family members, and their original life routine is disrupted. Patients often produce emotional changes such as anger, anxiety and hostility. 1. Hair loss hair loss is generally a clear sign of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Different patients react differently to hair loss, and those after-effects that may affect patients’ work or life after chemotherapy are often difficult to accept. Before chemotherapy, make some preparations according to the patient’s acceptance of hair loss: explain to the patient in advance so that he or she can be prepared mentally; ice caps can be worn on the head during chemotherapy to reduce blood flow to the scalp and minimize hair loss, and explain to the patient that ice may cause discomfort. Encourage patients to prepare wig sets or hats, and explain to patients that after chemotherapy is over, hair may grow back to reduce patients’ fear of hair loss. 2, gastrointestinal reactions chemotherapy appears nausea and vomiting, weakness, etc. often affect the patient’s daily life. Usually, the patient should be explained the cycle of treatment and discuss the time of chemotherapy. During the interval of chemotherapy, actively give symptomatic support treatment, give antiemetic, increase appetite and other treatment. And actively intervene in the patient’s pre-treatment adverse psychological reactions. 3, chemotherapy may appear weight change weight loss or gain may occur during chemotherapy, patients should be instructed to exercise in a planned manner to promote the recovery of body functions and enhance the patient’s sense of self well-being. 4.Fertility-related problems Some chemotherapy drugs may have an impact on the fertility of patients. Before chemotherapy, understand the fertility needs of patients, and if patients have the desire to have children, try to choose drugs that have no or less impact on fertility. Psychological problems of patients after chemotherapy 1, blind optimism after a long time of chemotherapy torture, some patients think that everything is fine after chemotherapy, especially patients who have certain effect of chemotherapy and have not undergone chemotherapy in the past, will think that everything is fine when their condition improves after chemotherapy, so they are not serious about the future treatment, relax themselves, so that the continuity and efficacy of treatment is greatly reduced, and even The phenomenon of tumor proliferation may occur. 2.Pessimistic and desperate psychology objectively speaking, the efficacy of chemotherapy for most tumors is limited or even ineffective. When patients experience all kinds of torture in chemotherapy, but find that their tumors are not well controlled and even progressed, their spiritual pillars collapse instantly, thus appearing pessimistic and despairing psychology, and this psychological reaction will seriously affect the therapeutic effect thereafter. 3, perverse anxiety psychology before the end of chemotherapy, some patients often appear unexpected perverse anxiety, making them treatment is not active, or even discontinue the last cycle of chemotherapy. In short, for patients receiving chemotherapy, it is very important for them to carry out publicity and education. Fully understanding the psychological changes of patients, health care professionals should let patients and their families understand that treatment side effects are inevitable but tolerable; that not all adverse reactions necessarily occur in each patient, and that treatment effects often outweigh the risks of treatment. The confidence and cooperation of patients and their families is very important.