Otitis media with legacy tympanic membrane perforation (direct exposure of the tympanic cavity mucosa can cause recurrent infections), conductive deafness and cholesteatoma otitis media are all in need of surgery. The purpose of surgery is to remove the lesion and achieve a dry ear; improve hearing and improve hearing by hearing chain probing hearing reconstruction if necessary; and improve the quality of life by alleviating the recurrent middle ear infections after a cold or water in the ear, allowing normal bathing or swimming. Middle ear cholesteatoma requires radical mastoid surgery and modified mastoid radical surgery: It is to eradicate the mastoid, the tympanic sinus and the lesion inside the tympanic chamber, and the tympanic membrane is perforated to connect the three to the external ear canal, forming a cavity with a compound epithelium. The purpose of the operation is to completely remove the papillae, tympanic sinus, tympanic chamber and tympanic bullae lesions, stop the flow of pus, obtain a dry ear and prevent intracranial and extracranial complications. It is suitable for those with osteoid otitis media, cholesteatoma otitis media, combined with various otogenic complications. However, some patients who are afraid of surgery, whose systemic conditions do not allow it (too old, systemic multi-organ problems that cannot tolerate anesthesia, etc.), or who cannot undergo surgery for various other reasons, should pay attention to the following: 1. Do not enter water in the ear to prevent infection, and do not dive or swim; 2. Use methods such as headgear or earplugs or dry cotton balls when bathing, and when bathing is over, dry it, and blow dry it with a hairdryer if necessary. It is important to keep the ears dry. 3. If there is nasal discharge or after a cold, please do not close both nostrils at the same time (pinch them) and blow your nose hard to prevent dirty secretions from being squeezed into the eustachian tube and retrograde infection of the middle ear. 4. Seek medical attention for ear discomfort in a timely manner. 5. The scabs in the ears need to be cleared by a specialist in a timely manner.