Benign breast disease (BBD), which accounts for 90% of all clinical cases in mammography, can be simply divided into three categories: congenital lesions, Aberrations of normal breast development and involution (ANDI) and non-ANDI lesions [1-2]. During a woman’s life, her breasts are regulated by many endocrine factors and are always in dynamic change, so they are prone to many kinds of abnormalities, disorders and abnormal changes, and even lesions. The ANDI theory describes the life cycle of breast cancer. The ANDI theory describes the changes in the ducts, lobules or interstitium caused by hormonal stimulation or lack of hormones during the three stages of the life cycle: development of the breast stroma and lobules at <25 years of age, with adolescent breast enlargement and fibroadenoma if abnormal; normal cyclic activity at 25-40 years of age, with cyclic breast pain and cyclic normal lobular, stromal and ductal rejuvenation at age 35 to 55 years, and abnormalities present with breast cysts, sclerosing adenopathy and ductal dilatation [1]. Mammary hyperplastic lesions refer to hyperplasia of the breast epithelium and fibrous tissue, structural degenerative lesions of the ducts and lobules and progressive connective tissue growth, and dysplasia of the breast ducts and lobules can also manifest as atypical hyperplasia, which shows that mammary hyperplastic lesions should be ANDI, not disease. However, in China, these abnormalities are often classified as "mammary hyperplasia", especially after the widespread implementation of breast ultrasound examination, the diagnosis of "mammary hyperplasia" often appears, and people often promote hyperplasia - atypical hyperplasia - breast cancer as the inevitable pathway to cancer, linking the risk of breast cancer to The risk of breast cancer is associated with "breast enlargement", which has led to the over-treatment of "breast enlargement" as a disease in China and the propaganda of "curing enlargement", forming a misunderstanding. This has created a misunderstanding. Therefore, it is very important to study ANDI and correctly understand mastoproliferative lesions. With the increase in the number of women who do not have children or have few children, the decrease in breastfeeding and the pollution of endocrine disruptors in the environment, the incidence of ANDI has increased, and the problem of ANDI is often encountered in clinical practice. It is not suitable for clinical diagnosis. Instead, ANDI should be used as a clinical diagnosis for clinical manifestations such as mastalgia, breast lumps and nipple discharge. 26% of ANDI manifestations are mastalgia (cyclic and non-cyclic), 23% are fibroadenomas (isolated fibroadenomas, fibroadenomas with adenopathy, multiple and recurrent fibroadenomas), 9% are moderate to severe cyclic nodules, 13% are fibrocystic lesions, and 25% are fibroadenomas with or without adenopathy. percent were fibroadenomas with or without breast pain, and 2 percent were breast overflow with fibrocystic lesions, which were confounded with each other [3]. The triple assessment of clinical examination, imaging (ultrasound, X-ray, MRI, etc.) and percutaneous biopsy is the most reasonable way to evaluate ANDI and to detect malignant breast tumors. The use of BI-RADS grading in the triple assessment of imaging examinations to assess ANDI is an international standard, and the decision of whether percutaneous biopsy or surgical biopsy is needed or regular follow-up is based on the grading, rather than the mere clinical diagnosis of specific lesions, and only the specific lesion diagnosis of proliferative lesions, such as sclerosing adenopathy, is available after pathological examination. Therefore, the active promotion of the BI-RADS grading criteria for imaging examinations will avoid over-diagnosis of "breast hyperplasia", which can cause distress and anxiety to patients and physicians. The treatment of hyperplasia in ANDI is a dynamic change in the life cycle of the abnormality, and pharmacological treatment, especially herbal treatment, is not necessary, and its "cure" as an efficacy goal often results in overtreatment and lack of evidence of evidence-based medicine, so treatment of ANDI should be cautious. Short-term symptomatic treatment of breast pain, such as psychological and dietary management, should be avoided, and overtreatment with drugs should be avoided. Breast lumps, on the other hand, are commonly caused by fibroadenomas, and percutaneous biopsy is recommended for those older than 25 years of age to eliminate fear. Rapid growth, patient willingness or greater than 125 px can be minimally invasive or surgically removed; lobular tumors are surgically removed, with a recurrence rate of 20%, and care is needed to exclude sarcomas; cysts are aspirated and followed up regularly; sclerosing adenopathy is mainly assessed by triplet, and often requires percutaneous biopsy. Papillary overflow is common in physiologic overflow, breast overflow, ductal dilatation, and intraductal papilloma, which should be evaluated by ductoscopy, mammography and MRI. About 9% of bloody overflow is ductal carcinoma in situ or early breast cancer is not ANDI [4]. Our study also found that ANDI is also safe with regular follow-up after triple evaluation, with only 1.1% and 1.7% of patients with minimally invasive biopsy for breast cancer and 1.7% for AH, respectively, and 97% for ANDI (84% for fibroadenoma, 6% for adenopathy, 5% for cysts and 2% for intraductal papilloma) in patients evaluated with BBD (BI-RADS grade 2, 3 and 4A) on imaging [5]; for prompt biopsy and follow-up biopsy of non-surfable lesions considered for BBD were similar in both groups of breast cancer staging, and regular follow-up biopsy was safe [6]. The important reason for people to focus on breast hyperplastic lesions is to understand its correlation with breast cancer risk, which is the main misconception that causes people to treat common breast hyperplastic lesions as an increased risk factor for breast cancer and to treat them with drug prophylaxis. The correlation between proliferative lesions and breast cancer risk has been described in the BBD literature and can be divided into three categories: nonproliferative (NP) lesions such as adenopathy, cysts, fibroadenomas and mild hyperplasia; proliferative lesions without atypical hyperplasia (PWA) such as moderate hyperplasia; and proliferative lesions without atypical hyperplasia. (PWA) such as moderate hyperplasia, papilloma with hyperplasia, etc.; atypical hyperplasia (AH) such as ductal or lobular atypical hyperplasia. NP, PWA and AH accounted for 67%, 30% and 4% of breast biopsies, respectively, with a median follow-up of 15 years and a breast cancer risk of 1.56,1.88 and 4.24, respectively. The risk is 3.37 for women over 55 years of age, but women with a significant family history of breast cancer will increase the risk of breast cancer in ANDI as an independent factor [7]. Therefore, we believe that the vast majority of ANDI (NP and PWA, about 96%) do not significantly increase the risk of breast cancer, and these women do not need special treatment, and can be followed up regularly as normal women, and pharmacological prophylaxis is not necessary; while women with AH are at high risk should be followed up with close screening according to the guidelines for screening and prevention of women at high risk, or even chemoprevention or prophylactic mastectomy. The current use of TAM, anastrozole and exemestane can reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women at high risk of AH by about 40-50%, from 4-6% to 2% [8]. It is worth mentioning that AH predicts an increased risk of developing breast cancer and can be used as a macroscopic marker to predict breast cancer risk. On the other hand, the process of invasive carcinoma from AH is associated with several key genes from multiple signaling pathways, and finding and studying these genes could make it a microscopic marker to predict the risk of developing breast cancer. The genetic sequencing testing studies currently underway worldwide are in hopes of finding more accurate predictors of breast cancer risk from AH to breast cancer progression, individualized prevention, and better avoiding overdiagnosis of ANDI.