Circumcision and circumcision are common urological problems in children, and we often see many young boys who come to the clinic with these two diseases. What is prepuce/circumcision? Phimosis: This refers to a condition where the outer opening of the foreskin is too small and tightens around the head of the penis and cannot be turned upwards to above the coronal sulcus to reveal the head of the penis. In circumcision, the urethral opening is completely wrapped by the foreskin and only a small hole is exposed. Excessively long foreskin: When the penis is weak, the foreskin cannot expose the head of the penis, and when it is erect, it still cannot expose the head of the penis, but the foreskin can be turned over to expose the head of the penis. What causes circumcision? There are two types of prepuce: congenital (physiological) and secondary (pathological). Congenital prepuce: At birth, about 96% of newborns have physiological prepuce due to the natural adhesion between the foreskin and the head of the penis. By the age of 3~4, with the growth and development of the penis and the accumulation of foreskin scale, as well as intermittent penile erection and instinctive squeezing, the foreskin and the head of the penis gradually separate, and the foreskin recedes upward to reveal the head of the penis, at which time about 90% of children with prepuce heal themselves. Secondary prepuce: Mostly due to the injury or infection of foreskin and penis head, the foreskin mouth forms circular scar narrowing, skin hardening and loss of elasticity, resulting in the foreskin cannot be turned up to reveal the penis head, this pathological prepuce often can not be self-healing. What are the possible hazards of circumcision? 1, foreskin scale accumulation, after the accumulation of foreskin scale to increase the chances of local bacterial infection, and even the formation of foreskin stones; 2, infection, infection, the foreskin mouth can appear red and swollen, penile pain and itching, sometimes there can be pus outflow, serious cases may have systemic poisoning symptoms; 3, urination abnormal, foreskin mouth narrowing may lead to thin urine flow, and even urination difficulties. Some children, because the opening of the foreskin is too small, urine gathers in the foreskin cavity when they urinate, and a bag may bulge out of the foreskin opening; 4, penile cancer, the long-term stimulation of foreskin scale and inflammation may induce cancer potential; 5, sexual dysfunction; 6, foreskin impaction. What is foreskin impaction? If the foreskin is forcibly turned up and not recovered in time or when it is difficult to recover, the narrow foreskin opening is tightened in the coronal groove of the penis, which is called foreskin impaction. The foreskin inlay will cause blood flow obstruction and local edema, bruising, edema and further strengthen the narrowing, forming a vicious circle. Over time, this can lead to necrosis of the embedded foreskin and glans. If this happens, please go to a nearby hospital immediately to avoid delay!