Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders and drug therapy is preferred. However, 20% to 30% of patients with epilepsy are difficult to control despite regular medication and have frequent seizures for a long time, which we call intractable epilepsy. Some of these are suitable for treatment with surgery. If you have the following conditions, you should actively consider surgery: 1. The seizures cannot be controlled by medication (after a certain period of regular medication, the blood concentration is within the therapeutic range and still cannot control the seizures) or there are serious side effects of medication. 2. The seizures are caused by pathological brain diseases that can be removed: such as scar tissue, brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations, brain parasites, softening lesions, inflammatory lesions (brain abscesses) or birth injuries. The lesions are limited, well localized, and not located in important functional areas such as language center, memory center, sensory-motor center, etc. 3. The seizures are frequent, averaging more than 2-4 times per month and significantly affecting the quality of life. 4. Partial seizures always start from the same part of the brain (limited seizure lesions). The seizure discharges spread from local to whole brain. 5. Seizures that are severe enough to potentially cause life-threatening effects on the patient. It is generally accepted that patients whose seizures cannot be controlled after 3 different consecutive antiepileptic drug treatments need to be evaluated for a comprehensive epilepsy treatment procedure. The final decision as to whether surgery is possible or appropriate must be made by a specialized evaluation team.