I. Pathogenesis and classification of hemorrhoids There are two mainstream theories of the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids, one of which is due to varicose veins in the rectal-anal plexus, and the other is caused by the subluxation of the anal cushion. In clinical work, both theories have been found to manifest in patients. Hemorrhoids can be divided into external, internal and mixed hemorrhoids depending on the severity of the condition and the extent of the venous plexus involved. External hemorrhoids are those that involve only the external plexus, internal hemorrhoids are those that involve only the internal plexus, and mixed hemorrhoids are those that involve both the internal and external plexus. The hemorrhoids are prone to chronic constipation, diarrhea, spicy food and alcohol consumption, and prolonged sitting. The two clinical symptoms of hemorrhoids are: painless blood in the stool and prolapsed hemorrhoids in the anus during stool. The blood in stool is fresh blood, which can be shown as blood on the stool table or on the stool paper, dripping blood, spraying blood, or in large amounts, blood flowing like a note. Stage I hemorrhoids only have blood in the stool and do not include prolapse; Stage II hemorrhoids have blood in the stool and include prolapse during stool, but the hemorrhoid can be returned by itself after stool; Stage III hemorrhoids show blood in the stool and include prolapse during stool, and the hemorrhoid can be returned by itself after stool, or need to be pushed back by hand; Stage IV hemorrhoids show blood in the stool and include prolapse during stool, and the hemorrhoid is prolapsed as the main symptom, and the hemorrhoid cannot be returned by hand after stool, or it can be returned by itself after walking or coughing, The hemorrhoid is usually painless. The hemorrhoids are generally painless, but thrombosed external hemorrhoids, inflammatory external hemorrhoids, and mixed hemorrhoids can be accompanied by pain or even severe pain when embedded. V. Treatment Principles Stage 1 and 2 hemorrhoids can be treated conservatively; stage 3 and 4 hemorrhoids and stage 1 and 2 hemorrhoids with severe blood in the stool need to be treated surgically. The main reason for this is to develop a good diet and bowel habits, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, eat more coarse fiber foods, increase the amount of stool, ensure daily bowel movements, avoid long-term constipation, fruit such as bananas, dragon fruit, kiwi, apples and so on, cinnamon, lychee and other fruits that are easy to fire eat less. Try to eat less spicy food and drink less alcohol to avoid long-term intestinal irritation resulting in long-term diarrhea; avoid prolonged standing and sitting, and after sitting for more than an hour, you can move appropriately or do several anal lifting exercises; avoid prolonged toileting, do not read newspapers, magazines, cell phones, etc. when defecating, and try to control the defecation time within 5 minutes.