Most people with epilepsy have the same intelligence as normal people, and only a few patients are below normal. There are many factors that affect people with epilepsy, the first being related to the cause of the epilepsy. Some epilepsies are combined with cerebral dysplasia, and others are part of a congenital metabolic anomaly disorder, often combined with mental retardation. Different types of epilepsy have different effects on intelligence. Primary epilepsy such as athetoid epilepsy and benign partial epilepsy in children often have little effect on intelligence. Infantile spasms, a type of epilepsy in which more than 90% of epilepsy has mental retardation. The frequency of seizures also has an effect on intelligence, with the more frequent the seizures, the greater the incidence of mental retardation. Some studies have shown that in pediatric epilepsy, if the average number of seizures per year is less than 11, mental retardation is only 28%; in children with epilepsy who have seizures every day, mental retardation is as high as 76%. The younger the age of onset, the greater the impact on intelligence. According to a survey, more than 70% of children with seizures within one year of age are mentally retarded, while only about 40% of children with seizures between the ages of 9 and 15 are mentally retarded. The side effects of a large number of long-term antiepileptic drugs may affect the patient’s intelligence, but the effect of correct and reasonable antiepileptic treatment on intelligence is not significant. When pediatric epilepsy is treated, if the seizures are quickly controlled or reduced, the development of intelligence can also be improved.