Lumbar and leg pain is a common and frequent disease plaguing the general public, of which lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis are two of the most common causes, which are increasingly showing a trend of rejuvenation and diversification. If not diagnosed and treated in time, it may cause pain and limping, affecting daily life, or lead to serious consequences such as paralysis and dysfunction, which may lead to lifelong regret, bringing great pain to patients, and a heavier burden to families and even the society. The Department of Neurosurgery of Shengjing Hospital has recently adopted microsurgery combined with neurophysiological monitoring to treat lumbar spinal dehiscence and spinal stenosis, and achieved satisfactory results. The minimally invasive treatment of lumbago with microsurgery combined with neurophysiological monitoring technology has the following advantages: 1. The good lighting conditions and enlarged field of view of the operating microscope make fine surgical operations possible. As we all know, in the surgery around the nerve tissue, fine operation and clear screening of the lesion and nerve structure can minimize or avoid the pulling and damage to the nerve, which is the most crucial link to effectively protect the nerve tissue and reduce the postoperative complications, and microsurgical operation can effectively ensure the realization of this goal. 2.The use of neuroelectrophysiological monitoring is a further protection of nerve tissue. Under the intraoperative real-time monitoring of the neurophysiological monitor, the slight pulling on the nerve structure during the operation is magnified, so as to achieve effective prevention of secondary damage to the nerve tissue, as an auxiliary measure of microsurgery, to ensure the fineness of the operation and low damage, so as to make our surgical operation truly minimally invasive effect. 3.In lumbar subluxation, spinal stenosis and other surgeries, postoperative recurrence or poor postoperative results have always been a thorny problem plaguing orthopedic surgeons. The reason for this is that naked-eye surgery cannot be operated under direct vision in some key steps, and there is a dead zone of surgery, which often needs to be operated by experience and feel, bringing great uncertainty, thus easily leading to incomplete removal of the discs, residual disc tissues, as well as incomplete decompression of the spinal canal, especially the neural canal. Microsurgery, on the other hand, eliminates this drawback by ensuring the completeness of the surgical field due to its enlarged field of view and good illumination, eliminating the dead ends of surgery, and enabling direct observation and fine manipulation of any part of the spine, thus eliminating blind surgical operations. Our patients treated by microsurgery have achieved satisfactory results due to the complete removal of disc tissue and thorough enlargement of the spinal canal and nerve root canal under direct vision. 4. Surgical operation under microscope can achieve fine hemostasis for bleeding from bone, tissue space and muscle, etc., and there is no need to leave drainage after operation, which greatly reduces the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage leading to paralysis of palsy caused by compression of nerve tissues, infection, hemorrhagic absorption of fever, etc., and at the same time reduces the damage to the surrounding tissues, which truly achieves minimally invasive treatment, thus greatly improving the speed of recovery of the patient and shortening the hospitalization time of the patient. The hospitalization time of patients is shortened. 5, microsurgery operation, can be done in a small space to complete the disc excision, nerve root canal decompression and other tasks, which is the conventional naked eye surgery can not be completed, which greatly reduces the spinal plate of the bone occlusion of the scope of the spinal column, and thus the stability of the spine to maximize the protection of the spinal column, without the need to carry out time-consuming and expensive operation of the internal fixation, to ensure a good long-term results at the same time greatly reduce the cost of hospitalization from the real sense to create a good economic situation. In a real sense, it creates good economic and social benefits. To summarize, microsurgery combined with minimally invasive treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis with neurophysiological monitoring is an effective treatment for lumbar and leg pain. It is the advanced and effective minimally invasive neurosurgical monitoring technology that brings new hope to the majority of patients with low back pain and becomes the source of their happiness.