Non-surgical treatment Non-surgical treatment is generally suitable for those with stones less than 1 cm in diameter, smooth periphery, no obvious urinary flow obstruction and infection, and non-surgical treatment can be performed temporarily for some large deer-horn stones in the kidney that do not cause clinical symptoms. 1, drink a lot of water: increase urine volume to flush the urinary tract, promote the downward movement of stones, dilute urine to reduce crystal precipitation. 2, herbal treatment: In addition to preventing and improving the treatment of stones, tea can also regulate the balance of the human organism and enhance the body’s resistance. This kind of herbal tea mainly has dandelion, honeysuckle, yellow lily, etc. 3.Acupuncture method: increase the peristalsis of the renal pelvis and ureter, which is conducive to the discharge of stones. 4, often jumping activities, or the kidney calyx stone line inverted three-dimensional and tapping activities, also conducive to the discharge of stones. 5.Other: For those who have bacterial infection in urine culture, use sensitive drugs (Ovoxin, Methotrexate) to actively anti-infection, for those who have metabolic disorders in the body, should actively treat the primary disease and regulate the pH of urine, etc. Surgical treatment: Surgery should be considered for those whose urinary flow obstruction has affected the kidney function, or whose non-surgical treatment is ineffective and who do not have extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Preoperative preparation: Bilateral renal function must be understood before surgery, and infection should be controlled with antimicrobial agents. Patients with ureteral stones should have a preoperative urethral radiograph before entering the operating room or on the operating table for final localization of the stones. Surgery: Depending on the size, shape and location of the stone, the following surgical procedures are commonly used: 1) renal pelvis or sinus incision and extraction: incision of the renal pelvis, removal of the stone, antler-shaped stones or calcium stones, sometimes the pelvis and calcium of the kidney must be incised and removed from the sinus. 2.Renal parenchymal resection: If the kidney stone is large and cannot be removed by sinus resection, the renal parenchyma should be resected to remove the stone. 3.Partial nephrectomy: For multiple stones in the lower pole of the kidney or in the calyces with poor drainage, the kidney can be removed together with the stones. 4.Nephrectomy: If one side of the kidney has a kidney stone with severe hydronephrosis or pus, and the kidney function is severely impaired or lost, but the kidney function on the other side is good, it is feasible to remove the affected kidney. 5.Ureterotomy: Ureteral stones larger than 1 cm in diameter or stones embedded in the urinary stream obstruction or infection, by non-surgical treatment is ineffective, ureterotomy to remove the stone is feasible. 6.Lithotomy: Ureteral stones with a diameter of less than 0.6 cm in the middle and lower part of the ureter can be removed by cystoscopy with a specially designed basket or catheter.