Pigmentation is the most annoying thing for female friends, Chinese people take white as beauty, and it is said that “one white covers a hundred ugly”. As we grow older, various kinds of pigmentation will appear on the skin surface, such as chloasma, age spots, freckles, brown spots, inflammatory pigmentation, nevus of Ota, etc. For different kinds of pigmentation, their treatment methods are different. In terms of depth, some pigmentation spots are very superficial, such as freckles and early age spots, while some pigmentation spots are in the deeper layer of skin, such as melasma and brownish blue spots. In terms of the shape of pigmentation, some are small or patchy, such as freckles and age spots, while others are in patches with fuzzy borders, such as melasma. The prevention and treatment methods of different pigmentation spots are totally different and need to be treated differently. Moreover, in middle-aged and elderly women, there are often more than one kind of pigmentation spots on the face, so they need to be treated in order and cannot be treated at random. 1.Freckles. Freckles are a kind of hereditary pigmentation disease, which is manifested as fine pigmentation of different sizes scattered all over the face, especially in the middle of the face, mostly seen in fair and dry skin types. Freckles are common among Caucasians, and in the West, they are not considered as unattractive, while in China, “flawless whiteness” has always been the highest level, so beauty seekers have the demand for treatment. The pigment of freckles is on the outermost layer of the skin, which is relatively easy to remove. In the past, laser was used to burn the freckles one by one to remove the pigment, but the treatment is traumatic and time-consuming to the skin, and because of the smallness of the freckles, there are inevitably omissions in the treatment. Chemical peeling is also used to remove the outermost layer of skin including freckles with chemical agents (such as phenol or fruit acids) to achieve the effect of treatment. Since the availability of photon machines, photon (intense pulsed light) treatment has become the gold standard for freckle removal, allowing freckles to be easily removed without damaging normal skin. However, it must be noted that since freckles are hereditary pigmentation, they may all recur after treatment and need to be repeated. 2.Pigmented mother spots. “It is a kind of congenital pigmentation abnormality, which is usually light or inconspicuous at birth, but slowly becomes obvious as it grows older, and the color is like coffee with milk. The color is like coffee with milk, and the border is very clear, like the national boundary on a map. Like freckles, the pigment is located in the outermost layer of the skin and can be removed by laser, grinding, chemical peeling and photon treatment, which does not seem to be complicated. Therefore, it is recommended that the less traumatic phototherapy can be used first in the beginning stage, which can minimize the damage to normal tissues. 3.Brownish green spot. It is a special kind of pigmentation, also called “acquired nevus of Ota”, because this kind of pigmentation looks almost identical to a kind of congenital cyanotic birthmark called “nevus of Ota”, but it is not present at birth, but often appears after the age of 20. Some patients have a family history of similar disease. …… Brown spots are usually small in size and often grow symmetrically on the left and right sides of the face, unlike nevus of Ota, which grows into the eyes. The pigment of this kind of pigment is located in the dermis, and its treatment method is the same as that of nevus of Ota, which requires multiple treatments with a Q-switched laser. 4.Age spots. Age spots, as the name suggests, are skin discolorations that appear with age, which is a mild skin disease, mostly found on the face or exposed parts of the arms. The age spots that are higher than the skin surface are also called “seborrheic keratosis” in medical science. Age spots do not affect the health of the body, but they affect the appearance and give the impression of aging, so they should be treated from the cosmetic point of view. For age spots that are not higher than the skin surface, Q-switched laser treatment can be used; for age spots that are higher than the skin surface, CO2 laser cautery treatment can be used, and generally one time can achieve the effect of complete elimination.