Since the specific mechanism of myopia pathogenesis is still unclear, it is not possible to establish effective prevention and treatment measures that target the pathogenesis and reduce the occurrence and slow down the progression. Even so, we should not give up the active prevention and treatment of myopia, starting from environmental factors closely related to myopia, paying attention to eye hygiene, actively improving the eye environment and eye nutrition, and reducing visual fatigue. The following points are worth noting: (a) Develop good reading and writing habits and maintain proper posture, with eyes at a distance of at least 25-30 cm from books, do not read in a sports car, and take a 5-minute break for every half hour or so of continuous reading (it is best to take a break with eyes closed). (B) reduce the burden of study, avoid long hours of reading, writing, Internet, typing, watching TV, playing video games, staying up late, etc., to maintain adequate sleep. When using the computer should blink more or every half an hour to close the eyes for a few minutes. (3) Improve the visual environment, such as appropriate lighting (not too dark and not too bright), improve the contrast of the eyes, increase the size of the object being viewed, reduce the details of the object being viewed and stroboscopic changes, etc. (D) Improve physical fitness and strengthen physical exercise. Insist on doing eye exercises. (E) Pay attention to nutrition, eat more fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A and vitamin C, etc. (6) Do regular vision examinations and follow up. (7) In the active prevention of myopia, once myopia is detected, parents should first take their children to the hospital for an eye examination to rule out other ophthalmological disorders, and then undergo dilated optometry (less than 16 years old) and medical optometry if possible. The younger the child, the more emphasis should be placed on dilated eye examinations before the first prescription. Usually, pseudomyopia does not require glasses and can be improved with some relaxation methods. In the case of true myopia, the child’s eye axis has grown and there is no clinically proven method to effectively treat this axial myopia. Therefore, parents should actively treat their children according to their active needs in life and learning. Hospitals that have the conditions can conduct medical optometry, combining the relationship between obliquity and adjustment, the relationship between collection and pupillary distance, the dominant eye and binocular balance, etc., to give a good and reasonable prescription for glasses to minimize visual fatigue and make glasses more comfortable to wear.