For safety purposes, the surgery is performed under local anesthesia or intravenous anesthesia, and the patient is basically painless or slightly painful and stays awake while being able to perceive the stimulation of the surgery, with timely feedback to the surgeon stating that the stimulated area is the waist, leg or foot, but absolutely no movement is allowed to ensure proper positioning and safety of the surgery. Because the procedure is performed under radiological guidance, and after successful puncture, the working channel is placed through a 7mm skin incision under the guidance of a guidewire, the procedure is safe as long as one gives timely feedback on one’s feelings. After successful placement of the working channel, the surgery can be performed under direct endoscopic vision, which clearly shows the structures in the spinal canal, including nerve roots and dural sac, and the tissues are magnified, making the surgery safer. Intraoperative coughing and factors that increase abdominal pressure should be avoided in order to increase the clarity of the visual field and facilitate the surgery.