There are many causes of goiter, which can be classified as physiological or pathological. Physiological goiter, such as compensatory enlargement of the thyroid gland during puberty and lactation, can recover on its own or be caused by a lack of iodine in the living environment or diet, and can be improved by consuming iodized salt. Pathological causes, such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid nodules, tumors and other diseases, can cause enlargement of the thyroid gland, resulting in symptoms that require drug treatment. Most patients with simple goiter, whether diffuse or nodular, generally do not require any special treatment. Surgery is indicated in cases where there are symptoms of pressure or if a tumor is suspected. Surgical treatment of simple goiter has the irreplaceable advantage of rapidly relieving local compression symptoms. Residents of non-endemic goiter endemic areas with diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland or nodular enlargement should be diagnosed with simple goiter after exclusion of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, subacute thyroiditis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, painless thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer; neck ultrasonography may reveal no significant increase in normal thyroid blood flow signal; diagnosis of non-toxic goiter must confirm that thyroid function is in normal The diagnosis of non-toxic goiter must be confirmed by normal thyroid function and normal serum T3 and T4 levels. Therefore, once the symptoms are detected, the cause should be examined promptly, and then treated actively under the guidance of a doctor.