Pituitary tumor is a common intracranial tumor, second only to glioma and meningioma. Its manifestations are mainly in three aspects: first, clinical manifestations caused by increased hormone secretion, such as menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, infertility and lactation in women, impotence, hypogonadism and infertility in male patients, and also centripetal obesity, acromegaly and gigantism in some patients; second, clinical manifestations of reduced secretion of corresponding hormones caused by pituitary tumors compressing the surrounding pituitary tissues, such as low adrenal cortical function If the tumor invades the cavernous sinus around the pituitary gland, the symptoms of nerve compression such as ptosis and pupil enlargement will appear. The diagnosis of pituitary tumor is based on the corresponding clinical symptoms, signs, pituitary hormone testing and imaging examinations. Pituitary hormones can be tested in most hospitals, but it is important to note that the rhythm of pituitary hormone secretion has special requirements for the timing of blood sampling. Imaging is a very important tool in the diagnosis of pituitary tumors, and MRI of the saddle area has the highest detection rate of pituitary tumors, and most pituitary microadenomas can be visualized when combined with dynamic contrast MRI. Since most pituitary tumors are benign, if detected early and treated correctly, they can be cured or their symptoms can be significantly improved. Surgical resection is the main method to treat pituitary tumors. In the past century or so, people have explored a variety of surgical methods, such as craniotomy, extra-nasal septum-pterygoid sinus surgery, sublabial-septum-pterygoid sinus surgery, and transnasal septum-pterygoid sinus surgery. In particular, the change of craniotomy to transsphenoidal sinus approach for pituitary tumor resection is considered a major advancement in recent neurosurgery. At present, most hospitals adopt transnasal transsphenoidal surgery under microscope, which has many advantages such as short route, less injury, simple operation and fast postoperative recovery compared with several other surgical approaches, but due to poor illumination under microscope, small operation range, narrow and fixed field of view, the tumor that grows infiltrating to the periphery cannot be seen directly and can only be removed by the surgeon’s hand, so not only is total excision difficult, but also there is considerable Therefore, it is not only difficult but also risky to perform total resection. Neuroendoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection is a newly developed advanced technique in recent years. This surgical approach overcomes the inherent defects of microscopic surgery and provides a clear panoramic image of the surgical area with clear exposure of the anatomical structures, allowing clear display of the tumor and surrounding vital structures in all directions, thus maximizing the removal of the tumor and reducing the possibility of damage to normal neurovascular vessels. Depending on the endoscopic and radiological findings, endoscopic surgery can be performed from one nasal cavity or from both nasal cavities. Transnasal endoscopic surgery uses the natural gap of the nasal cavity as a surgical channel to directly reach the anterior wall of the pterygoid sinus, open the pterygoid sinus, expose the saddle base and then remove the tumor along the base wall of the pituitary fossa with an aspirator and stripper under the endoscopic clear view. Endoscopic surgery greatly shortens the operation time and reduces the damage to normal tissues. Endoscopic surgery is well illuminated, can be magnified, and has a clear field of view, which can more accurately identify the tumor tissue and adjacent important structures. In endoscopic surgery, endoscopes with different angles can be applied to make a panoramic view of the pterygoid sinus and pterygoid saddle structure, and the changes of important structures such as carotid canal, optic nerve canal and physiological defect of bone wall can be identified from different angles. Pituitary surgery tumor remnants most often occur in the corner between the saddle diaphragm and the cavernous sinus, an area that is usually invisible under the microscope, while the endoscope can enter the saddle to observe whether there are remnants of tumor tissue and remove tumors that cannot be seen with conventional microscopic surgery under direct vision. Endoscopic surgery increases the accuracy and safety of surgery, reduces intraoperative risks and postoperative complications, while preserving the maximum amount of normal pituitary tissue. Endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection is the trend in the surgical treatment of pituitary tumors.