1.Nitrosamines A lot of research has been done at home and abroad on the relationship between this kind of compounds and cancer. It has been confirmed that nitrosamines have strong carcinogenic effects. Nitrosamines and their precursors exist in certain foods, vegetables and fruits. The level of nitrosamines in foods in high esophageal cancer incidence areas is higher than that in low incidence areas. So how to carry out prevention? Experiments have proved that cod liver oil, dried yeast, riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin A and cysteamine can block the carcinogenic effect of such substances. Of course, there is no need to take these medicines intentionally, just pay more attention to eating some vitamin-rich vegetables such as fenugreek in life. 2, the carcinogenic effect of mold with moldy food can induce cancer in the esophagus and stomach of rats or mice. Residents in high incidence areas consume more fermented and moldy food than in low incidence areas. Therefore, people should not eat moldy food and try to eat less fermented food. I would like to suggest people to put the leftover food in the refrigerator freezer and the time should not exceed 3 days, the chance of moldy food will definitely be much less. Japanese people belong to the high incidence of stomach cancer, after using the refrigerator, the incidence of its stomach cancer decreased greatly. 3.Eating habits Physical stimulation of food such as heat, coarse and hard, smoking, drinking alcohol, eating sauerkraut, chewing betel nut and lack of nutrition also have a certain relationship with the occurrence of esophageal cancer. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of esophageal cancer, we should pay attention to our life with regularity and moderation, not to eat too hot and hard food, not to smoke and not to drink alcohol, etc. 4.Chronic inflammation of esophagus Long-term chronic inflammation of esophagus has a close relationship with the development of esophageal cancer. People in these areas mostly do not pay attention to oral hygiene. In addition, there are more chances for esophageal scar stenosis, esophageal hiatal hernia, reflux esophagitis, esophageal diverticulum, cardia loss, etc. to complicate with esophageal cancer. Therefore, we should pay more attention to oral hygiene and go to the hospital in time if we find any benign esophageal diseases mentioned above. These are the effective measures to prevent esophageal cancer.