I. General treatment
1. Diet and nutrition
High-calorie, protein- and vitamin-rich and easy-to-digest food is appropriate, more fresh vegetables and fruits, quit smoking and alcohol, and eat less strong and spicy food.
2.Spiritual and psychological treatment
With the development of modern science and technology, the traditional biomedical model has changed to the biological, psychological and social medical model. In the treatment of hematological diseases, we should not only pay attention to the biological factors that endanger the health of patients, but also pay attention to the psychological and social problems in the treatment, especially in the face of patients with malignant hematological diseases, they are under great psychological pressure, and their psychological changes may have an impact on the doctor-patient relationship, cooperation with treatment and even the efficacy of treatment.
Second, remove the cause of the disease
Patients should be removed from the role of pathogenic factors, such as ionizing radiation, chemical substances (such as benzene), the pathogenic effect of certain drugs has been recognized, should pay attention to protection at work and in life, but the cause of some blood system diseases is difficult to clarify or can not be avoided, resulting in the treatment effect is affected, therefore, should strengthen the research on the cause.
Third, maintain normal blood components and their functions
1.Supplementation of hematopoietic materials such as folic acid or vitamin B12 for nutritional megaloblastic anemia, and iron supplements for iron deficiency anemia.
2.Stimulate bone marrow hematopoietic drugs, such as chronic aplastic anemia, androgens can be applied to stimulate bone marrow hematopoiesis.
Hematopoietic growth factors such as erythropoietin (EPO) for renal anemia; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to accelerate the recovery of leukopenia after chemotherapy, etc.
4.Splenectomy Removal of the largest organ of the monocyte-phagocyte system in the body can reduce the destruction and retention of blood cells, thus prolonging the life span of blood cells, and has a definite effect on hemolytic anemia caused by hereditary spherocytosis, etc.
In case of severe anemia or blood loss, red blood cells should be transfused; in case of thrombocytopenia with bleeding risk, platelets should be supplemented; in case of hemophilia A with active bleeding, factor VIII should be supplemented; in case of leukopenia combined with infection, effective anti-infective drugs should be administered and cytokines should be used at the same time to promote its recovery.
Removal of abnormal blood components and suppression of abnormal functions
1.Chemotherapy Combined use of chemical drugs acting on different cell cycles to kill diseased cells.
2.Radiotherapy: The use of ionizing radiation such as gamma rays and X-rays to kill leukemia and lymphoma cells is suitable when the tumor is relatively limited or for areas not easily reached by chemotherapy drugs, such as cranial irradiation. Whole-body radiotherapy or whole lymph node irradiation is often used in the treatment of leukemia or lymphoma in the case of hematopoietic stem cell support or transplantation.
Induced differentiation therapy The discovery of all-trans retinoic acid (t-RA) and arsenic trioxide by our scientists has shown a high remission rate and positive efficacy in acute promyelocytic leukemia, and has also revealed the molecular biological mechanism of induced differentiation therapy, which is a contribution to mankind by our scientists. By inducing differentiation therapy, abnormal promyelocytes can accelerate apoptosis or be induced to differentiate into normal mature granulocytes, which is a new way to specifically remove leukemia cells.
4.Therapeutic blood component mono-collection Selective removal of abnormal proliferative components from blood components through special equipment is used for myeloproliferative diseases, leukemia, macroglobulinemia, certain autoimmune diseases, alloimmune diseases and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
5.Immunosuppressants The use of glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, anti-lymphocyte globulin, etc. can reduce the number of lymphocytes with abnormal functions and inhibit their abnormal functions to treat autoimmune hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura, etc.
6.Anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy In case of diffuse intravascular coagulation, heparin anticoagulation is used to prevent further depletion of coagulation factors; in case of excessive platelets, dipyridamole is used to prevent abnormal platelet aggregation; in case of thrombosis, urokinase and other thrombolytic enzymes are used to restore smooth blood flow.
Hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) is a modern treatment method that can cure some of the malignant tumor diseases of blood series by removing the abnormal tumor cells to the maximum extent through pretreatment and then implanting healthy hematopoietic stem cells to rebuild the hematopoietic and immune system.