Hypertension is a common cardiovascular disease that is prevalent worldwide. In China, there are “three highs and three lows” in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. The “three highs” refer to the high prevalence rate, high disability rate and high death rate; the “three lows” refer to the low awareness rate, low medication rate and low control rate of hypertension. The survey found that China’s hypertension patients have reached 130 million, the incidence of hypertension in rural areas is rapidly increasing, “urban-rural differences” significantly reduced, more worrying is that the trend of increasing the prevalence of young people than the elderly. 35-44 years old people hypertension prevalence growth for men 74%, 62% of women. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of hypertension is urgent. In the cardiovascular specialist clinic, it is found that many hypertensive patients have little understanding of hypertension and there are misconceptions. Here, some simple answers to the majority of hypertensive patients, I hope that hypertensive patients can benefit from it. 1.What are the factors for the development of hypertension? The causes of hypertension are not fully understood, but there are two main causes: congenital genetic factors and the influence of acquired social and environmental factors. (1) Congenital factors: if both parents have hypertension, about 1/3 of the children will have hypertension; if only one of the two parents has hypertension, about 1/5 of the children will have hypertension. (2) Acquired factors: the incidence of hypertension in high altitude areas is significantly higher than that in plain areas; the incidence of hypertension is higher than that of the general population when they are engaged in long-term stressful work, such as drivers, high-altitude work, airport dispatchers, etc.; the incidence of hypertension is significantly higher in people who consume too much salt in their diet, drink a lot of alcohol and smoke, are overly obese, and lack exercise than in the general population who live a regular life. The incidence of hypertension in the general population. 2.Does a high salt diet increase blood pressure? The Eskimos in Alaska, USA, eat very little salt and have a low incidence of hypertension, and their blood pressure does not increase with age. The dietary intake of sodium in the northern part of China is higher than that in the southern part, and the prevalence of hypertension is also higher than that in the southern part, and the death rate of stroke is also higher than that in the southern part. The World Health Organization recommends a daily sodium intake of no more than 5 grams per person, and changes in dietary habits require cooperation with a doctor to achieve the desired effect on blood pressure. 3.Does smoking and alcohol have an effect on blood pressure? Tests on normal people have found that blood pressure rises after 6 weeks of moderate alcohol consumption, and when the amount of alcohol consumed is reduced or the concentration of alcohol consumed is changed to low alcohol, the blood pressure that has risen will drop significantly. The relative risk of developing hypertension is 40% higher in alcoholics than in non-drinkers. Therefore, it is best for patients with hypertension or those with a family history of hypertension to drink less alcohol or no alcohol. Smoking is one of the four major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. When nicotine is inhaled, it temporarily raises blood pressure, increases heart rate, and increases myocardial oxygen consumption, thus increasing the burden on the heart muscle. The joint action of nicotine, carbon monoxide and some special protein-like substances can cause an increase in blood pressure, make the blood fatty acids and blood viscosity increase, and prompt platelets to gather each other to attach to the wall of the diseased blood vessels, making the lumen of the blood vessels thin or cause heart vasoconstriction, leading to angina or myocardial infarction attack. In short, smoking has a hundred harms but no benefit, whether or not hypertension should be advocated to quit smoking. 4.Is it necessary to use antihypertensive drugs immediately when high blood pressure is found during physical examination? Except for a few emergency cases, there is no urgency to make immediate treatment decisions for newly detected hypertension in young and middle-aged patients. Instead, repeated follow-up reviews should be conducted within 2 to 12 weeks to comprehensively search for the cause of hypertension and other risk factors causing cardiovascular disease and to conduct risk assessment. After the follow-up review, if the diagnosis of hypertension is mild, “non-pharmacological treatment” should be started, i.e. weight reduction, low-salt diet, smoking cessation, alcohol restriction, and moderate physical activity; for moderate hypertension or above, drug treatment should be added on top of non-pharmacological treatment.