It is not scientific for some people to generalize the term refractory epilepsy for epilepsy that does not heal. In many cases, the poor outcome is due to other reasons such as unclear diagnosis, irregular treatment, and poor patient compliance with antiepileptic drugs. It is generally considered that after more than 2 years of regular treatment with 2-3 first-line antiepileptic drugs and with blood drug concentrations within the range of effective therapeutic concentrations, epilepsy that cannot effectively control seizures and affects daily life and work, and in which no progressive central nervous system disease or occupying lesions are detected by neuroimaging, is considered refractory epilepsy. Patients with this type of epilepsy are mostly associated with abnormalities such as decreased neuropsychological function.